专利摘要:
Bathroom tissue products employing three-dimensional patterned fibrous structures having a surface of a novel three-dimensional (3D) pattern such that the three-dimensional patterned fibrous structures and / or sanitary tissue products employing the structures fibrous fabrics have a comfort of a new type as evidenced by the compressibility of fibrous structures and / or products of the toilet paper type, a new type of flexibility as evidenced by the rigidity of the plates fibrous structures and / or products of Hygienic paper type, and / or a softness of the surface as evidenced by the coefficient of sliding and frictional adhesion of fibrous structures and / or sanitary tissue products, and their manufacturing processes, are provided.
公开号:FR3015212A1
申请号:FR1462698
申请日:2014-12-18
公开日:2015-06-26
发明作者:Ryan Dominic Maladen；John Allen Manifold；Ward William Ostendorf；Jeffrey Glen Sheehan；Douglas Jay Barkey
申请人:Procter and Gamble Co；
IPC主号:

专利说明:

[0001] The present invention relates to sanitary tissue products comprising fibrous structures having a surface comprising a three-dimensional (3D) pattern of a new type so that the fibrous structures and / or the products of the present invention. The type of toilet paper employing the fibrous structures presents a comfort of a new type as evidenced by the compressibility of the fibrous structures and / or the products of the sanitary paper type, the flexibility of a new type as evidenced by the rigidity of the plates of the structures. fibrous and / or hygienic paper-like products, and / or the softness of the surface as evidenced by the sliding coefficient and frictional adhesion of fibrous structures and / or sanitary tissue products, and their methods of manufacturing.
[0002] Comfort, flexibility and surface smoothness are all attributes that consumers desire in their toilet tissue products, for example, toilet paper towel products. A technical measure of comfort is the compressibility of the sanitary tissue product, which is measured by the battery compressibility test method. A technical measure of flexibility is the plate stiffness of the sanitary tissue product which is measured by the plate rigidity test method. A technical measure of surface smoothness is the slip-friction coefficient of the sanitary tissue product, which is measured by the adhesion-slip coefficient of friction test method. However, there is a dichotomy between surface smoothness and comfort. In the past, when the surface softness of a sanitary tissue product, such as a tissue paper towel product, has been increased, the comfort of the sanitary tissue product has decreased and vice versa. Current bathroom tissue products are below consumer expectations for comfort, flexibility and surface smoothness. Therefore, a problem faced by hygienic paper product manufacturers is the improvement (i.e., increase) in the compressibility properties, the improvement (i.e. the decrease) in the properties of the rigidity of the plates, and the improvement (i.e., decrease) in the properties of the coefficient of sliding and adhesion of the friction, with and more importantly without agents of surface softening, sanitary tissue products, eg, sanitary paper products, to make such sanitary tissue products more comfortable, more flexible, and / or softer to further meet consumer expectations for food products. sanitary tissue type being more like a garment, luxurious and comfortable since the measures historically used to make a softer toilet tissue product have a negative impact on the tissue. onfort of the sanitary tissue product and vice versa. Therefore, there is a need for hygienic paper products, for example, sanitary paper products, which exhibit improved compressibility properties, improved plate stiffness properties, and / or sliding coefficient properties. improved friction adhesion to provide consumers with toilet tissue products that meet their desires and expectations for more comfortable and / or luxurious toilet tissue products, and for production methods for such toilet tissue products. The present invention satisfies the need described above by providing sanitary tissue products, for example, sanitary paper products, which are more comfortable, more flexible than known sanitary tissue products, e.g. sanitary tissue products. , as evidenced by the improved compressibility measured according to the stack compressibility test method and the improved plate stiffness measured according to the rigidity test method of the plates, and methods of producing such sanitary tissue products. An object of the present invention is a sanitary tissue product comprising a three dimensional patterned fibrous structure layer having a surface comprising a three dimensional pattern which comprises a first series of line elements which are oriented at an angle of less than 20 ° by cross-machine direction of the fibrous structure layer with three-dimensional drawings. According to one embodiment, at least one of the line elements of the first series of line elements has an amplitude less than 4.83 millimeters (190 mils).
[0003] According to one embodiment, at least one of the line elements of the first series of line elements has a frequency greater than 2. According to one embodiment, at least one of the line elements of the first set of elements of line has a wavelength less than 50.8 millimeters (2000 mils) According to one embodiment, the line elements are parallel to each other. According to one embodiment, the line elements are not parallel to each other.
[0004] According to one embodiment, the line elements are spaced from each other by 0.13 to 2.54 millimeters (5 to 100 mils). According to one embodiment, a second series of line elements are positioned complementary to the first series of line elements, preferably wherein the first series of line elements has a different value than an intensive property. common to the second set of line items; more preferably wherein the common intensive property is selected from the group consisting of: density, grammage, elevation, opacity, crepe frequency and combinations thereof. According to one embodiment, the first series of line elements can be arranged in a three-dimensional pattern selected from the group consisting of: periodic patterns, aperiodic patterns, straight line patterns, curved line patterns, wavy line patterns, patterns serpentine (S-shaped), square line patterns, triangular line patterns, S-shaped wavy patterns, sinusoidal line patterns, and their blend (s).
[0005] According to one embodiment, the fibrous structure layer with three-dimensional drawings comprises pulp fibers. According to one embodiment, the sanitary tissue product comprises an embossed fibrous structure layer. A solution to the problem shown above is obtained by producing the sanitary tissue products or at least one layer of fibrous structura employed in sanitary tissue products on patterned molding elements which impart three-dimensional patterns ( 3D) to sanitary tissue products and / or fibrous structure thicknesses made thereon, where the patterned molding elements are designed such that the resulting sanitary tissue products, for example, sanitary paper products. , made using the patterned molding elements, are more comfortable, more flexible, and / or softer than known sanitary tissue products as evidenced by sanitary tissue products, for example, sanitary paper products, having compressibilities that are greater than (that is, greater than 36 and / or greater than 58 and / or greater s at 61 mm / (log (kPaj) [greater than 21 and / or greater than 34 and / or greater than 36 mils / (log (g / in2)) 1) compressibilities of known sanitary tissue products, e.g. hygienic paper products, as measured by the method of compressibility test of pile and plate stiffnesses that are lower than (ie, less than 3.8 and / or less than 3.75 N * mm) plate stiffnesses of known toilet tissue products, for example, sanitary paper products, as measured by the plate stiffness test method, and friction and slip coefficients which are less than that is, less than 500 and / or less than 340 (COF * 10000) coefficient of slip and friction adhesion of known sanitary tissue products, e.g. sanitary paper products, as measured according to the method of testing the coefficient of glis friction and adherence. Non-limiting examples of such patterned molding members include patterned felts, patterned forming webs, patterned rolls, patterned fabrics, and patterned belts used in conventional wet press paper processes. , processes for manufacturing air jet paper and / or methods for manufacturing wet-laid paper, which produce three-dimensional patterned toilet tissue products and / or patterned fiber structure layers three-dimensional used in hygienic paper products. Other non-limiting examples of such patterned molding members include air-circulating drying fabrics and air-circulating drying belts used in the papermaking processes. produce air-circulation-dried toilet tissue products, for example, three-dimensional patterned air-dried bathroom tissue products, and / or air-circulation dried fiber structure layers, for example , three-dimensional pattern air-dried fiber structure layers used in sanitary tissue products. In one example of the present invention, a sanitary tissue product comprising a three-dimensional patterned fibrous structure layer having a surface comprising a three-dimensional pattern comprising a first series of line elements that are oriented at an angle between -20 ° and 20 ° relative to the cross direction (of the machine) of the fibrous structure layer with three-dimensional drawings, is Geneèé. In another example of the present invention, a sanitary tissue product comprising a three-dimensional patterned fibrous structure layer having a surface comprising a three-dimensional pattern comprising a first series of line elements where at least one of the line elements has a amplitude less than 4.83 millimeters and / or 0 millimeters to less than 4.83 millimeters (190 mils and / or 0 mils to less than 190 mils) and a frequency greater than 2, is constituted. In yet another example of the present invention, a sanitary tissue product comprising a three dimensional patterned fibrous structure layer having a surface comprising a three dimensional pattern comprising a first series of line elements where at least one of the line elements has an amplitude less than 4.83 millimeters and / or 0 millimeters to less than 4.83 millimeters (less than 190 mils and / or 0 mils to less than 190 mils) and a wavelength greater than 0 to less than 50.8 millimeters (0 to less than 2000 mils) is constituted. In yet another example of the present invention, there is provided a method of manufacturing a single layer or multilayer sanitary tissue product of the present invention, wherein the method comprises the steps of: a. contacting a patterned molding member with a fibrous structure such that a three-dimensional patterned fibrous structure layer having a surface comprising a three-dimensional pattern comprising a first series of line elements which are oriented at an angle between -20 ° and 20 ° relative to the cross direction (of the machine) of the thickness of the three-dimensional patterned fiber structure is formed b. manufacturing a monolayer or multilayer sanitary tissue product according to the present invention comprising the three dimensional patterned fibrous structure layer.
[0006] In still another example of the present invention, there is provided a method of manufacturing a single layer or multilayer sanitary tissue product according to the present invention, wherein the method comprises the steps of: contacting a member of pattern molding with a fibrous structure such that a three-dimensional patterned fibrous structure layer having a surface comprising a three-dimensional pattern comprising a first series of line elements where at least one of the line elements has an amplitude of less than 4 , 83 millimeters and / or 0 millimeters to less than 4.83 millimeters (less than 190 mils and / or 0 mils to less than 190 mils) and a frequency greater than 2, is formed; b. manufacturing a monolayer or multilayer sanitary tissue product according to the present invention comprising the three dimensional patterned fibrous structure layer. In yet another example of the present invention, there is provided a method of manufacturing a monolayer or multilayer sanitary tissue product according to the present invention, wherein the method comprises the steps of a. contacting a patterned molding member with a fibrous structure such that a three dimensional patterned fibrous structure layer having a surface comprising a three-dimensional pattern comprising a first series of line elements where at least one of Line elements have an amplitude less than 4.83 millimeters and / or 0 millimeters to less than 4.83 millimeters (less than 190 mils and / or 0 mils to less than 190 mils) and a wavelength greater than 0 to less than 50.8 millimeters (0 to less than 2000 mils) is formed; B. manufacturing a monolayer or multilayer sanitary tissue product according to the present invention comprising the three dimensional patterned fibrous structure layer. Accordingly, the present invention provides sanitary tissue products, for example, sanitary paper products, which comprise a three-dimensional patterned fibrous structure layer having a surface comprising a three-dimensional pattern that makes the sanitary tissue product more comfortable. , more flexible, and / or softer than known sanitary tissue products, for example, sanitary paper products, and methods for their production. Figure 1A is a schematic representation of an example of a line element according to the present invention; Figure 1B is a schematic representation of another example of a line element according to the present invention; Figure 1C is a schematic representation of another example of a line element according to the present invention; Figure 1D is a schematic representation of another example of a line element according to the present invention; Figure 1E is a schematic representation of another example of a line element according to the present invention; Figure 1F is a schematic representation of another example of a line element according to the present invention; Figure 1G is a schematic representation of another example of a line element according to the present invention; Figure 1H is a schematic representation of another example of a line element according to the present invention; Figure 2 is a schematic representation of an example of a fibrous structure comprising a three-dimensional pattern according to the present invention; Figure 3A is a schematic representation of an example of a molding member according to the present invention; Figure 3B is another schematic representation of a portion of the molding member of Figure 3A; Figure 3C is a cross-sectional view of Figure 3B taken along line 3C-3C; Figure 4A is a schematic representation of a sanitary tissue product made using the molding member of Figure 3A; Figure 4B is a cross-sectional view of Figure 4A taken along line 4B-4B; Figure 4C is a MikroCAD image of a toilet tissue product made using the molding member of Figure 3A; Figure 4D is an enlarged portion of the MikroCAD image of Figure 4C; Fig. 5 is a schematic representation of an example of an air circulation drying paper making method for making a sanitary tissue product according to the present invention; Fig. 6 is a schematic representation of an example of a non-creped air flow drying paper manufacturing method for making a sanitary tissue product according to the present invention. Fig. 7 is a schematic representation of a an example of a tissue creped air drying paper manufacturing method for making a sanitary tissue product according to the present invention; Fig. 8 is a schematic representation of another example of a tissue creped air drying paper manufacturing method for making a sanitary tissue product according to the present invention; Fig. 9 is a schematic representation of an example of a belt creped air circulation drying paper manufacturing method for making a sanitary tissue product according to the present invention; Figure 10 is a schematic top view of the implementation of the slip coefficient and friction adhesion test method; Fig. 11 is an image of an example of a friction sled for use in the method of testing slip coefficient and friction adhesion; and Fig. 12 is a representation of a schematic side view of the implementation of the slip coefficient and friction adhesion test method. "Toilet paper product" as used herein means a flexible, low density article (i.e., <about 0.15 g / cm3) comprising one or more layers of fibrous structure according to the present invention, wherein the sanitary tissue product is useful as a wiping instrument for cleaning after urination and after defecation (toilet paper), for oto-rhirio-laryngological discharge (tissue), and versatile uses of absorption and cleaning (paper towels). The sanitary tissue product may be wound on itself around a mandrel or without a mandrel to form a roll of sanitary tissue product. The sanitary tissue products and / or fibrous structures of the present invention may have a basis weight greater than 15 g / m 2 to about 120 g / m 2 and / or about 15 g / m 2 to about 110 g / m 2 and / or or from about 20 g / m 2 to about 100 g / m 2 and / or from about 30 to 90 g / m 2. In addition, the sanitary tissue products and / or fibrous structures of the present invention may have a basis weight of from about 40 g / m 2 to about 120 g / m 2 and / or from about 50 g / m 2 to about 110 g. and / or from about 55 g / m 2 to about 105 g / m 2 and / or from about 60 to 100 g / m 2.
[0007] The sanitary tissue products of the present invention can have a cumulative dry tensile strength in the machine direction and in the cross direction greater than about 0.58 N / cm (150 g / cm 2). )) and / or between about 0.77 N / cm and about 3.87 N / cm and / or between about 0.96 N / cm and about 3.29 N / cm (between 78 g / cm approximately and 394 N / cm). g / cm approximately and / or between about 98 g / cm and about 335 g / cm). In addition, the sanitary tissue product of the present invention may have a dry tensile strength in the machine direction and the cross direction greater than about 1.92 N / cm and / or about 1.92 N / cm at about 3.87 N / cm and / or about 2.12 N / cm at about 3.29 N / cm and / or about 2.32 N / cm at about 3.09 N / cm / cm (about 196 g / cm and / or about 196 g / cm to about 394 g / cm and / or about 216 g / cm to about 335 g / cm and / or about 236 g / cm about 315 g / cm). In one example, the sanitary tissue product has a dry tensile strength in the machine direction and the cross direction less than about 3.87 N / cm and / or less than about 3.29 N / cm (about 394 g / cm and / or less than about 335 g / cm). In another example, the sanitary tissue products of the present invention can have a dry tensile strength in the machine direction and the cross direction greater than about 1.92 N / cm and / or greater than about 2, 32 N / cm and / or greater than about 2.71 N / cm and / or greater than about 3.09 N / cm and / or greater than about 3.47 Nkm and / or greater than about 3.87 N / cm and / or from about 3.09 N / cm to about 19.31 N / cm and / or from about 3.47 N / cm to about 11.59 N / cm and / or about 3.47 N / cm. / cm at about 9.65 N / cm and / or about 3.87 N / cm to about 7.72 N / cm (greater than about 196 g / cm and / or greater than about 236 g / cm and / / or greater than about 276 g / cm and / or greater than about 315 g / cm and / or greater than about 354 g / cm and / or greater than about 394 g / cm and / or about 315 g / cm to about 1968 g / cm and / or from about 354 g / cm to about 1181 g / cm and / or from about 354 g / cm to about 984 g / cm and / or about 394 g / cm to about 787 g / cm). The sanitary tissue products of the present invention can have an initial amount of wet tensile strength in the machine direction and cross direction less than about 0.77 N / cm and / or less than about 0.58 N / cm. and / or less than about 0.38 N / cm and / or less than about 0.28 N / cm (about 78 g / cm and / or less than about 59 g / cm and / or less than about 39 g / cm) and / or less than about 29 g / cm). The sanitary tissue products of the present invention can have an initial amount of wet tensile strength in the machine direction and the cross direction greater than about 1.16 N / cm and / or greater than about 1.54 N / cm. and / or greater than about 1.92 N / cm and / or greater than about 2.32 N / cm and / or greater than about 2.71 N / cm and / or greater than about 3.09 N / cm and / or greater than about 3.47 N / cm and / or greater than about 3.87 N / cm and / or about 1.16 N / cm to about 19.31 N / cm and / or about 1, 54 N / cm at about 11.59 N / cm and / or about 1.92 N / cm at about 9.65 N / cm and / or about 1.92 N / cm at about 7.72 N / cm and / or from about 1.92 N / cm to about 5.80 N / cm (greater than about 118 g / cm and / or greater than about 157 g / cm and / or greater than about 196 g / cm and / or greater than about 236 g / cm and / or greater than about 276 g / cm and / or greater than about 315 g / cm and / or greater than about 354 g / cm and / or greater at about 394 g / cm and / or about 118 g / cm to about 1968 g / cm and / or about 157 g / cm to about 1181 g / cm and / or about 196 g / cm about 984 g / cm and / or about 196 g / cm to about 787 g / cm and / or about 196 g / cm to about 591 g / cm). The sanitary tissue products of the present invention may have a density (measured at 95 g / in 2) of less than about 0.60 g / cm 3 and / or less than about 0.30 g / cm 3 and / or less than 0 About 20 g / cm3 and / or less than about 0.10 g / cm3 and / or less than about 0.07 g / cm3 and / or less than about 0.05 g / cm3 and / or less than 0, 0.1 g / cm3 up to about 0.20 g / cm3 and / or between about 0.02 g / cm3 and about 0.10 g / cm3. The sanitary tissue products of the present invention may be in the form of sanitary tissue product rolls. Such rolls of sanitary tissue product may comprise a plurality of interconnected, but perforated, sheets of fibrous structure, which are distributable separately from adjacent sheets.
[0008] In another example, the sanitary tissue products may be in the form of discrete sheets that are stacked within and dispensed from a container, such as a can. The fibrous structures and / or toilet tissue products of the present invention may include additives such as surface softening agents, for example, silicones, quaternary ammonium compounds, aminosilicones, lotions and mixtures thereof. , temporary moisture-resistant agents, permanent moisture-resistant agents, bulk softening agents, wetting agents, latices, especially surface-applied latices, resins such as carboxymethylcellulose and starch, and other types of additives suitable for inclusion in and / or hygienic paper products. "Fibrous structure" as used herein means a structure that includes one or more fibers. In one example, the fibrous structure may comprise a plurality of wood pulp fibers. In another example, the fibrous structure may comprise a plurality of non-wood pulp fibers, for example vegetable fibers, cut synthetic fibers and mixtures thereof. In yet another example, in addition to paper pulp fibers, the fibrous structure may comprise a plurality of filaments, such as polymeric filaments, for example, thermoplastic filaments such as polyolefin filaments (i.e. polypropylene filaments) and / or hydroxyl polymer filaments, for example polyvinyl alcohol filaments and / or polysaccharide filaments such as starch filaments. In one example, a fibrous structure according to the present invention refers to an ordered arrangement of fibers alone and with filaments within a structure to perform a function. Non-limiting examples of fibrous structures of the present invention include paper.
[0009] Non-limiting examples of methods of making fibrous structures include known methods of making wet paper, for example conventional wet press papermaking processes, through air drying paper manufacturing processes, fabric creped paper manufacturing, belt crepe manufacturing processes and air jet paper making processes. Such methods typically include the steps of preparing a fiber composition in the form of a suspension in a medium, or wet, more specifically an aqueous medium, or dry, more specifically gaseous, i.e. with the air as a medium. The aqueous medium used for wet processes is often referred to as a fiber slurry. The fibrous slurry is then used to deposit a plurality of fibers on a web, fabric or forming belt such that an embryonic fibrous structure is formed, after which drying and / or bonding of the fibers together provide a structure fibrous. Subsequent processing of the fibrous structure may be effected such that a finished fibrous structure is formed. For example, in typical papermaking processes, the finished fibrous structure is the fibrous structure that is wound on the reel at the end of papermaking, often referred to as the parent reel, and may subsequently be converted into a finished product. for example, a monolayer or multilayer toilet tissue product.
[0010] The fibrous structures of the present invention may be homogeneous or may be in layers. If layered, the fibrous structures may comprise at least two and / or at least three and / or at least four and / or at least five layers of fiber and / or filament compositions. In one example, the fibrous structure of the present invention consists substantially of fibers, for example pulp fibers, such as cellulosic pulp fibers and more particularly wood pulp fibers. In another example, the fibrous structure of the present invention comprises fibers and is devoid of filaments. In yet another example, the fibrous structures of the present invention comprise filaments and fibers, such as a coformed fibrous structure. "Coformed fibrous structure" as used herein means that the fibrous structure comprises a mixture of at least two different materials in which at least one of the materials comprises a filament, such as a polypropylene filament, and at least one other material, different from the first material, comprises a solid additive, such as fiber and / or particulate material. In one example, a coformed fibrous structure comprises solid additives, such as fibers, such as wood pulp fibers, and filaments, such as polypropylene filaments. "Fiber" and / or "filament" as used herein refers to an elongated particulate material having an apparent length substantially exceeding its apparent width, i.e., a length to diameter ratio of at least about 10. In one example, a "fiber" is an elongated particulate material as previously described which is less than 5.08 cm (2 inches) in length, and a "filament" is an elongated particulate material as described above which has a length greater than or equal to 5.08 cm (2 inches). Fibers are typically considered discontinuous by nature. Non-limiting examples of fibers include pulp fibers, such as wood pulp fibers, and cut synthetic fibers such as polyester fibers. Filaments are typically considered continuous or essentially continuous in nature. The filaments are relatively longer than the fibers. Non-limiting examples of filaments include meltblown and / or spunbonded filaments. Non-limiting examples of filamentable materials include natural polymers, such as starch, starch derivatives, cellulose and cellulose derivatives, hemicellulose, hemicellulose derivatives, and polymers. including, but not limited to, polyvinyl alcohol filaments and / or polyvinyl alcohol derivative filaments, and thermoplastic polymer filaments, such as polyesters, nylons, polyolefins such as polyester filaments, polypropylene, polyethylene filaments, and biodegradable or compostable thermoplastic fibers such as polylactic acid filaments, polyhydroxyalkanoate filaments and polycaprolactone filaments. The filaments may be monocomponent or multicomponent, such as bicomponent filaments. In one example of the present invention, "fiber" refers to fibers for papermaking. Paper making fibers useful in the present invention include cellulosic fibers commonly known as wood pulp fibers. Applicable wood pulps include chemical pulps, such as Kraft, sulphite, and sulphate pulps, as well as mechanical pulps including, for example, groundwood pulp, thermomechanical pulp, and chemically modified thermomechanical pulp. Chemical pulps, however, may be preferred because they impart a greater tactile feel than the absorbent paper sheets made therefrom. Pulps derived from both deciduous trees (hereinafter also referred to as "hardwoods") and coniferous trees (hereinafter also referred to as "coniferous woods") may be used. The hardwood and coniferous wood fibers may be mixed, or alternatively may be layered to provide a laminated fibrous structure. U.S. Patent No. 4,300,981 and U.S. Patent No. 3,994,771 are incorporated herein by reference for the purpose of describing the layered layering of hardwood and coniferous wood fibers. Also applicable to the present invention are fibers derived from recycled paper, which may contain any or all of the foregoing, as well as other non-fibrous materials such as fillers and adhesives used to facilitate papermaking. original. In one example, the wood pulp fibers are selected from the group consisting of hardwood pulp fibers, coniferous wood pulp fibers, and blends thereof. The hardwood pulp fibers may be selected from the group consisting of: tropical hardwood pulp fibers, northern hardwood pulp fibers, and mixtures thereof. The tropical hardwood pulp fibers may be selected from the group consisting of: eucalyptus fibers, acacia fibers and mixtures thereof. Northern hardwood pulp fibers may be selected from the group consisting of: cedar fibers, maple fibers, and mixtures thereof. In addition to the various wood pulp fibers, other cellulosic fibers such as cotton linters, rayon, lyocell, trichomes, duvets, and bagasse may be used in the present invention. Other sources of cellulose in the form of fiber or which can be spun into fiber include herbs and cereal sources. A "trichome" or "trichome fiber" as used herein refers to an epidermal attachment of a variable form, structure, and / or function of a non-seed portion of a plant. In one example, a trichome is an excrescence of the epidermis of a non-seed part of a plant. The outgrowth can extend from an epidermal cell. In one embodiment, the outgrowth is a trichome fiber. The outgrowth may be a growth of hair type or silk type from the epidermis of a plant. Trichome fibers are different from down fibers in that they are not attached to seed parts of a plant. For example, trichome fibers, unlike down fibers, are not attached to the epidermis of a seed or pod. Cotton, kapok, milkweed and coconut fiber are non-limiting examples of down fibers. In addition, trichome fibers are different from free-wood and / or wood-free core fibers in that they are not attached to the liber parts, also known as phloem, or core, also known as the name of lignin parts of a stem of a woodless dicotyledonous plant. Non-limiting examples of plants that have been used to provide woodfree release fibers and / or woodfree core fibers include amber, jute, flax, ramie and hemp. In addition, trichome fibers are different from fibers derived from monocotyledonous plants such as those derived from cereal straws (wheat, rye, barley, oats, etc.), stalks (maize, cotton, sorghum, Hesperaloe fimifera, etc.). ), rushes (bamboo, bagasse, etc.), herbs (alfa, lemon, sabai, switchgrass, etc.), since such fibers derived from monocotyledonous plants are not attached to an epidermis of plant. In addition, the trichome fibers are different from the leaf fibers in that they do not come from within the structure of the sheet. Sisal and abaca are sometimes released as leaf fibers. Finally, trichome fibers are different from wood pulp fibers since wood pulp fibers are not growths of a plant's epidermis; namely, a tree. The wood pulp fibers come rather from the secondary lignin portion of the tree stem. "Weight per unit area" as used herein is the weight per unit area of a sample indicated in pounds / 3000 ft 2 or g / m 2 (g / m 2) and is measured according to the surface mass test method described herein. . The "machine direction" or "SM" as used herein refers to the direction parallel to the flow of the fibrous structure through the fibrous structure manufacturing machine 20 and / or the product manufacturing equipment. toilet paper. The "cross machine direction" or "ST" as used herein refers to the direction parallel to the width of the fibrous structure manufacturing machine and / or the sanitary tissue product manufacturing equipment and perpendicular to the direction of the machine. "Layer" as used herein means an individual fibrous structure, in one piece. "Layers" as used herein means two or more individual, single-piece fibrous structures disposed in a face-to-face relationship substantially contiguous to each other, forming a multilayer fibrous structure 30 and / or a product of the multilayer sanitary paper type. It is also contemplated that an individual, integral fibrous structure can effectively form a multilayered fibrous structure, for example by being folded on itself. "Differential density" as used herein means a fibrous structure and / or a sanitary tissue product which comprises one or more regions of relatively low fiber density, which are referred to as pad regions, and one or more several regions of relatively high fiber density, which are referred to as joining regions. "Densified" as used herein refers to a portion of a fibrous structure and / or sanitary tissue product that is characterized by regions of relatively high fiber density (seam regions). "Non-densified" as used herein means a portion of a fibrous structure and / or sanitary tissue product having a lower density (one or more regions of relatively lower fiber density). ) (pad regions) than another part (e.g., a seam region) of the fibrous structure and / or the sanitary tissue product. The expression "three-dimensional pattern" in relation to a fibrous structure and / or a sanitary tissue product according to the present invention, here designates a pattern which is present on at least one surface of the fibrous structure and / or the product of the type toilet paper. The three-dimensional pattern texturizes the surface of the fibrous structure and / or the sanitary tissue product, for example by imparting protruding portions and / or depressions to the surface. The three-dimensional pattern is manufactured on the surface of the fibrous structure and / or the sanitary tissue product by producing the sanitary tissue product or at least one layer of fibrous structure employed in the sanitary tissue product on a molding member. pattern which communicates the three-dimensional pattern to the sanitary tissue type products and / or fibrous structure jets made thereon. For example, the three-dimensional pattern may comprise a series of line elements, such as a series of line elements that are essentially oriented in the cross-direction of the fibrous structure and / or the sanitary tissue product. In one example, a series of line elements can be arranged in a three-dimensional pattern selected from the group consisting of: periodic patterns, aperiodic patterns, straight line patterns, curved line patterns, wavy line patterns, serpentine patterns (in S shape), square line patterns, triangular line patterns, S-shaped wavy patterns, sinusoidal line patterns, and their blend (s). In another example, a series of line elements may be arranged in a regular periodic pattern or an irregular periodic pattern (aperiodic) or a non-periodic pattern. As used herein, the term "line element" refers to a portion of a fibrous structure surface that is in the form of a line, which may be a continuous, distinct, interrupted line and / or partial to a fibrous structure on which it is present. The line element may be of any suitable form such as linear, folded, twisted, curly, curvilinear, sinuous, sinusoidal, and mixtures thereof, which may form a regular or irregular, periodic or non-periodic network of structures in which the line element has a length along its path of at least 2 mm and / or at least 4 mm and / or at least 6 mm and / or at least 1 cm to 30 cm and / or or about 27 cm and / or about 20 cm and / or 15 cm and / or about 10.16 cm and / or about 8 cm and / or about 6 cm and / or about 4 cm. In one example, the line element may comprise a plurality of distinct elements, such as dots and / or lines, for example, which are jointly oriented to form a line element of the present invention. In another example, the line element may comprise a combination of line segments and discrete elements, such as dots and / or lines, for example, which are jointly oriented to form a line element. the present invention. In another example, the line element may be formed by a plurality of discrete shapes that together form a line element. In one example, the line element may comprise discrete forms selected from the group consisting of: dots, dashes, triangles, squares, ellipses, and mixtures thereof. As illustrated in FIG. 1A, in one example, the line element 10 is a sinusoidal line element comprising a continuous line. As illustrated in FIG. 1B, in one example, the line element 10 is a sinusoidal line element comprising line segments and discrete elements, for example points, as illustrated, and / or dashes. As illustrated in FIG. 1C, in one example, the line element 10 is a sinusoidal line element comprising a plurality of discrete points. As illustrated in FIG. 1D, in one example, the line element 10 is a sinusoidal line element comprising a plurality of discrete dashes. As illustrated in FIG. 1E, in one example, the line element 10 is a square wave line element comprising a continuous line. As illustrated in FIG. 1F, in one example, the line element 10 is a canned line element comprising line segments and discrete elements, for example, dots, as illustrated, and / or dashes. As illustrated in FIG. 1G, in one example, the line element 10 is a square wave line element comprising a plurality of discrete points. As illustrated in FIG. 1H, in one example, the line element 10 is a square wave line element comprising a plurality of discrete dashes. The line element may have an aspect ratio (the ratio of the length of the orthogonal line element to the design direction (pattern) to the length of the line element parallel to the direction of design (pattern) greater than 1.5: 1 and / or greater than 1.75: 1 and / or greater than 2: 1 and / or greater than 5: 1 along the path of the line element. In one example, the line element has a length along its path of at least 2 mm and / or at least 4 mm and / or at least 6 mm and / or at least 1 cm to 30 mm. cm about and / or about 27 cm and / or about 20 cm and / or about 15 cm and / or about 10.16 cm and / or about 8 cm and / or about 6 cm and / or about 4 cm.
[0011] Different line items may have different common intensive properties. For example, different line elements may have different densities and / or weights. In one example, the common intensive property is selected from the group consisting of: density, grammage, elevation, opacity, crepe frequency, and combinations thereof. In one example, the common intensive property is density. In another example, the common intensive property is elevation. In one example, a fibrous structure of the present invention includes a first series of line elements and a second series of line elements. For example, the line elements of the first series of line elements may have the same densities, which are lower than the densities of the line elements of the second series of line elements. In another example, the line elements of the first series of line elements may have the same elevations, which are higher than the elevations of the line elements of the second series of line elements. In another example, the line elements of the first series of line elements may have the same weights, which are smaller than the weights of the line elements of the second series of line elements. In one example, the line element is a rectilinear or essentially straight line element. In another example, the line element is a curvilinear line element, such as a sinusoidal line element. Unless otherwise indicated, the line elements of the present invention are present on a surface of a fibrous structure. In one example, the line element and / or component component is continuous or substantially continuous within a fibrous structure, for example in one case, one or more sheets of fibrous structure of 11 cm × 11 cm. The line elements may have different widths on their lengths of their paths, between two or more different line elements and / or the line elements may have different lengths. Different line elements may have different widths and / or lengths along their respective paths.
[0012] In one example, the surface pattern of the present invention comprises a plurality of parallel line elements. The plurality of parallel line elements may be a series of parallel line elements. In one example, the plurality of parallel line elements may comprise a plurality of parallel sinusoidal line elements. "Embossed" as used herein with respect to a fibrous structure and / or a sanitary tissue product, means that a fibrous structure and / or a sanitary tissue product have been subjected to a process which converts a smooth surface-like, fibrous and / or sanitary tissue product in a decorative surface by replicating a pattern on one or more embossing rolls, which form a line of contact through which the fibrous structure and / or the paper-like product hygienic pass. Embossed paper does not include creping, micro-creping, printing or other processes that can impart texture and / or decorative pattern to a fibrous structure and / or a sanitary tissue product. "Line item series" as used herein means a plurality of line elements that are arranged one after the other in a spatial succession.
[0013] In one example, a fibrous structure of the present invention may comprise a three-dimensional pattern having a first series of line elements which may be referred to as joins and a second series of line elements which may be referred to as pads where the adjoining line elements of the first series of line elements are interrupted by a line element of the second series of line elements and the adjoining line elements of the second series of line elements are interrupted by a line element of the second line element of the second series of line elements series of line elements. Figure 2 illustrates a fibrous structure 12 comprising a three-dimensional pattern 14 comprising a first series of line elements 10A and a second series of line elements 10B. The design direction (pattern), in this case, is indicated by "X" and is orthogonal to a line element within the first set of line elements. For example, the direction of the design in Fig. 2 is essentially in the machine direction (SM) while the line elements extend essentially in the cross-machine direction (ST). A series of line elements within a three-dimensional pattern on the surface of a fibrous structure may be 2 or more and / or 5 or more and / or 10 or more and / or 20 or more and / or 50 or more line items / cm. In one example, a plurality of line elements are arranged within a series of line elements resulting in the design having a design direction that is essentially in the SM. In one example, the line elements of a first series of line elements are arranged on one surface of a fibrous structure and / or of the sanitary tissue type and a second series of line elements having second elements of tissue. line that intermingle with the line elements of the first set of line elements so that the resulting design direction is essentially in the SM. In one example, the line elements are parallel to each other within a series and / or within a fibrous structure. In another example, the line elements are not parallel (non-parallel) to each other within a series and / or within a fibrous structure. In one example, a second series of line elements are positioned complementary to a first series of line elements. "Amplitude" as used herein with respect to a line element and / or a series of line elements means half of the distance between the maximum and minimum position of a line element of the measured three-dimensional pattern. orthogonal to the direction of repetition of line elements. The amplitude units for the present invention are in millimeters. As illustrated in FIG. 2, the amplitude of a line element 10A of the first series of line elements is half the distance of "Y", the distance between the maximum and minimum position of an element of line 10A. In one example, the line element has an amplitude less than 4.83 millimeters and / or less than 3.81 millimeters and / or less than 2.54 and / or less than 1.27 millimeters and / or less than 0 , 89 millimeters from about 0 millimeters to less than 4.83 millimeters and / or from about 0 millimeters to about 2.54 millimeters and / or from about 0 millimeters to about 1.27 millimeters and / or from about 0 millimeter to about 0.89 millimeters (less than 190 mils and / or less than 150 mils and / or less than 100 mils and / or less than 50 mils and / or less than 35 mils from about 0 mils to less than 190 mils and / or from about 0 mils to about 100 mils and / or from about 0 mils to about 50 mils and / or from about 0 mils to about 35 mils). "Period" or "Repetition" or "Repeatability" refers to a simple unit of a repeating line item to create a line item. As illustrated in FIG. 2, a period or repetition or repeatability of a line element 10A of the first series of line elements is indicated by "Z". "Wavelength" as used herein refers to the length of a period, for example Z in FIG. 2, of a line element along the path of the line element. The units of the wavelength for the present invention are "mils. In one example, the line element has a wavelength of more than 0 to less than 50.8 mm and / or less than 38.1 millimeters and / or less than 25.4 millimeters and / or less than 12.7 millimeters (0 to less than 2000 mils and / or less than 1500 mils and / or less than 1000 mils and / or less than 500 mils). "Frequency" as used herein means the width (in mils) of the three-dimensional patterned fibrous structure layer and / or the sanitary tissue product comprising the three dimensional patterned fibrous structure layer divided by the length of the wave (in mils) of the three-dimensional pattern on the three-dimensional patterned fibrous structure layer and / or the sanitary tissue product comprising the three-dimensional patterned fibrous structure layer and / or sanitary tissue product comprising the fibrous structure layer with three-dimensional drawings. In one example the line elements of the present invention has a frequency greater than 2 and / or greater than 3 and / or greater than 5 and / or greater than 6 and / or approximately 2 to about 12 and / or greater about 3 to about 8. "Spacing" as used herein with reference to the spacing between two line elements is the spacing measured between the adjoining edges of two directly adjacent line elements. The average spacing as used herein with reference to the spacing between two line elements is the average spacing measured between the adjoining edges of two adjacent line elements directly measured along their respective paths. Of course, if one of the line elements has a length along its path that extends further than the other, the measurements of the mean spacing will end at the ends of the shortest line element. In one example, the line elements in a series of line elements are spaced from the adjacent line elements within the series from about 0.13 to about 2.54 millimeters and / or from about 0.25 to about 2.03 millimeters and / or about 0.51 to about 1.52 millimeters (about 5 to about 100 mils and / or about 10 to about 80 mils and / or about 20 to about 60 mils) . In one example, the line elements of the present invention may comprise a wet texture, as formed by wet molding and / or through air drying via a web and / or a through air drying cloth. printed. In one example, the wet texture line elements are water resistant. The term "water-resistant", in relation to a surface pattern or part thereof, means that a line element and / or pattern comprising the line element retains its structure and / or or its integrity after being saturated with water and the line element and / or pattern is still visible to a consumer. In one example, the line elements and / or the pattern may be water resistant. The term "distinct" in relation to a line element means that a line element has at least one immediate adjacent region of the fibrous structure which is different from the line element. In one example, a plurality of parallel line elements are distinct and / or separate from adjacent parallel line elements by a channel. The channel may have a shape complementary to the parallel line elements. In other words, if the plurality of parallel line elements were straight lines, then the channels separating the parallel line elements would be linear. Similarly, if the plurality of parallel line elements were sinusoidal lines, the channels separating the parallel line elements would be sinusoidal. The channels may have the same widths and / or lengths as the line elements. The term "machine direction oriented" as used in a line element means that the line element has a primary direction which is at an angle less than 45 ° and / or less than 30 ° and / or less than 15 ° and / or less than 5 ° and / or up to about 0 ° with respect to the machine direction of the three-dimensional patterned fiber structure layer and / or the sanitary tissue product comprising the fibrous structure layer with three-dimensional patterns. The term "oriented substantially in the cross direction" as used for a line element and / or a series of line elements means that the line element and / or the series of line elements has a direction primary at an angle less than 20 ° and / or less than 15 ° and / or less than 10 ° and / or less than 5 ° and / or up to about 0 ° with respect to the cross direction of the fibrous structure layer three-dimensional pattern and / or sanitary tissue product comprising the three-dimensional patterned fibrous structure layer. In one example, the line element and / or series of line elements has a primary direction that forms an angle of about 5 ° to about 0 ° and / or about 3 ° to about 0 ° relative to in the cross-machine direction of the three-dimensional fiber structure layer and / or the sanitary tissue product comprising the three-dimensional fiber structure layer. As used herein, the term "wet textured" means that a three dimensional patterned fibrous structure layer comprises a texture (eg, three-dimensional topography) imparted to the fibrous structure and / or the surface of the fibrous structure. the fibrous structure during a fibrous structure manufacturing process. In one example, in a wet fibrous structure manufacturing method, the wet texture can be imparted to a fibrous structure when the fibers and / or filaments are collected on a collection device which has a three-dimensional (3D) surface which communicates a three-dimensional surface to the fibrous structure which is formed thereon and / or which is transferred onto a web and / or a belt, such as a through-air drying cloth and / or a patterned drying belt, comprising a surface three-dimensional which communicates a three-dimensional surface to a fibrous structure which is formed thereon. In one example, the three-dimensional surface-collecting device comprises a patterned substrate, such as a patterned substrate formed by a polymer or resin that is deposited on a base substrate, such as a fabric, in a configuration. patterned. The wet texture imparted to a wet fibrous structure is formed in the fibrous structure before and / or during drying of the fibrous structure. Non-limiting examples of collection devices and / or fabrics and / or belts suitable for imparting wet texture to a fibrous structure include webs and / or belts used in web creping and / or creping processes. for example, as described in US Pat. Nos. 7,820,008 and 7,789,995, coarse through-air drying webs as used in non-creped through air drying processes, and drying belts by photocurable resin patterned through air, for example as described in US Pat. No. 4,637,859. For the purposes of the present invention, the collection device used to impart wet texture to the fibrous structures would include patterns to give the structures fibrous materials comprising a surface pattern comprising a plurality of parallel line elements in which at least one, two, three, or more, for example , all the parallel line elements have a non-constant width along the length of the parallel line elements. This is different from a non-wet texture that is imparted to a fibrous structure after the fibrous structure has been dried, for example after the moisture content of the fibrous structure is less than 15% and / or less than 10% and / or or less than 5%. An example of a non-wet texture includes embossings imparted to a fibrous structure by embossing rolls during conversion of the fibrous structure. "Unwound" as used herein with respect to a fibrous structure and / or a sanitary tissue product of the present invention means that the fibrous structure and / or the sanitary tissue product is an individual sheet ( for example, not attached to adjacent sheets by perforation lines, however, two or more individual sheets may be intertwined with one another (i.e., not concentrically wrapped around or on a mandrel) even. For example, an unwound product includes a face wipe. "Battery compressibility test method" as used herein means the battery compressibility test method described herein. "Slip-slip friction coefficient test method" as used herein means the slip-friction coefficient of friction test method described herein. "Plate Rigidity Testing Method" as used herein means the plate rigidity test method described herein. "Crepe" as used herein means crimped at the exit of a Yankee or other similar roll and / or fabric creped and / or belt creped. Accelerated transfer alone of a fibrous structure does not result in a "creped" fibrous structure or "creped" sanitary tissue product for purposes of the present invention.
[0014] Toilet Tissue Product The sanitary tissue products of the present invention may be single layer or multilayer bathroom tissue products. In other words, the sanitary tissue products of the present invention may comprise one or more fibrous structures. In one example, the fibrous structures and / or toilet tissue products of the present invention are made from a plurality of paper pulp fibers, for example, wood pulp fibers and / or other fibers. cellulosic pulp, for example, trichomes. In addition to paper pulp fibers, the fibrous structures and / or sanitary tissue products of the present invention may comprise synthetic fibers and / or filaments. In one example of the present invention, the sanitary tissue product of the present invention comprises a three-dimensional patterned fibrous structure layer having a surface comprising a three-dimensional pattern of the present invention, wherein the sanitary tissue product has superior compressibility. at 78 and / or greater than 80 and / or greater than 83 and / or greater than 85 mm / (log (kPa)) [greater than 46 and / or greater than 47 and / or greater than 49 and / or greater than 50 mils / (log (g / in2))] as measured by the stack compressibility test method and a plate stiffness less than 5.2 and / or less than 5 and / or less than 4.75 and / or less than 4 and / or less than 3.5 and / or less than 3 and / or less than 2.5 N * mm as measured by the plate rigidity test method. In another example of the present invention, the sanitary tissue product of the present invention, for example a sanitary paper product, comprises a creped and air-circulated three-dimensional fiber structure layer having a surface comprising a three-dimensional pattern of the present invention, wherein the sanitary tissue product has a compressibility greater than 61 and / or greater than 64 and / or greater than 68 and / or greater than 71 and / or greater than 78 and / or greater than 80 and / or greater than 83 and / or greater than 85 mm / (log (kPa)) [greater than 36 and / or greater than 38 and / or greater than 40 and / or greater than 42 and / or greater than 46 and / or greater than 47 and / or greater than 49 and / or greater than 50 mils / (log (g / in2))] as measured by the method of testing stack compressibility and a plate stiffness of less than 5.2 and / or less than 5 and / or less than 4.7 And / or less than 4 and / or less than 3.5 and / or less than 3 and / or less than 2.5 N * mm as measured by the plate rigidity test method.
[0015] In another example of the present invention, the sanitary tissue product of the present invention is a sanitary tissue product, for example a multilayer, eg double thickness, sanitary paper product having a surface comprising a three dimensional pattern of paper. the present invention, wherein the sanitary tissue product has a compressibility greater than 61 and / or greater than 64 and / or greater than 68 and / or greater than 71 and / or greater than 78 and / or greater than 80 and / or greater than 83 and / or greater than 85 mm / (log (kPa)) [greater than 36 and / or greater than 38 and / or greater than 40 and / or greater than 42 and / or greater than 46 and / or greater than 47 and / or greater than 49 and / or greater than 50 mils / (log (g / in2))] as measured by the battery compressibility test method and a plate stiffness of less than 5.2 and / or less at 5 and / or less than 4.75 and / or less than 4 and and / or less than 3.5 and / or less than 3 and / or less than 2.5 N * mm as measured by the plate rigidity test method. In yet another example of the present invention, the sanitary tissue product is a sanitary tissue product, for example a multi-layer, eg double-thickness, sanitary paper product comprising a three-dimensional, three-dimensional fiber-structured fiber layer. air flow having a surface comprising a three-dimensional pattern of the present invention, wherein the sanitary tissue product has a compressibility greater than 61 and / or greater than 64 and / or greater than 68 and / or greater than 71 and / or greater than 78 and / or greater than 80 and / or greater than 83 and / or greater than 85 mm / (log (kPa)) [greater than 36 and / or greater than 38 and / or greater than 40 and / or greater than 42 and / or greater than 46 and / or greater than 47 and / or greater than 49 and / or greater than 50 mils / (log (g / in2))] as measured by the stack compressibility test method and inferior plate rigidity to 5.2 and / or less than 5 and / or less than 4.75 and / or less than 4 and / or less than 3.5 and / or less than 3 and / or less than 2.5 N * mm as measured by the plate rigidity test method. In yet another example of the present invention, the sanitary tissue product of the present invention is a multi-layer sanitary tissue product comprising at least one air-dried, three-dimensional patterned fibrous structure layer having a patterned surface. of the present invention, wherein the sanitary tissue product has a compressibility greater than 61 and / or greater than 64 and / or greater than 68 and / or greater than 78 mm / (log (kPa)) greater than 36 and / or greater than 38 and / or greater than 40 and / or greater than 46 mils / (log (g / in2))] as measured by the battery compressibility test method and a plate stiffness of less than 5 and / or less than 4.75 and / or less than 4 and / or less than 3.5 and / or less than 3 and / or less than 2.5 N * mm as measured according to the rigidity test method of plate. In yet another example, the sanitary tissue product of the present invention is a multilayer sanitary tissue product comprising at least one creped and air-dried three-dimensional patterned fiber structure layer having a surface comprising a three-dimensional pattern. of the present invention, wherein the sanitary tissue product has a compressibility greater than 61 and / or greater than 64 and / or greater than 68 and / or greater than 78 mm / (log (kPa)) [greater than 36 and / or greater than 38 and / or greater than 40 and / or greater than 46 mils / (log (g / in))] as measured by the stack compressibility test method and a plate stiffness of less than 8.3 and / or less than 7 and / or less than 5 and / or less than 4,75 and / or less than 4 and / or less than 3,5 and / or less than 3 and / or less than 2,5 N * mm as measured by the platelet rigidity test method e.
[0016] In yet another example of the present invention, in addition to having compressibility as described above, the sanitary tissue product of the present invention can also have a coefficient of slip and friction adhesion of less than 725 and / or less than 700 and / or less than 625 and / or less than 620 and / or less than 500 and / or less than 340 and / or less than 314 and / or less than 312 and / or less than 300 and / or less than 290 and / or less than 280 and / or less than 275 and / or less than 260 (COF * 10000) measured according to the method of testing slip coefficient and friction adhesion. In yet another example of the present invention, a multi-layer toilet paper absorbent product, for example, a toilet paper towel product having a dry tensile strength in the machine direction and direction less than 3,86 N / cm (1000 g / in), comprises at least one layer of three-dimensional pattern creped air circulation dried fiber structure having a surface comprising a three-dimensional pattern of the present invention, wherein the product of type toilet paper has a compressibility greater than 61 and / or greater than 64 and / or greater than 68 and / or greater than 71 and / or greater than 78 and / or greater than 80 and / or greater than 83 and / or greater than 85 mm / (log (kPa)) [greater than 36 and / or greater than 38 and / or greater than 40 and / or greater than 42 and / or greater than 46 and / or greater than 47 and / or greater than 49 and / or greater / or greater than 50 mils / (log (g / in2) )] as measured by the stack compressibility test method. The fibrous structures and / or sanitary tissue products of the present invention may be creped or uncrimped.
[0017] The fibrous structures and / or sanitary tissue products of the present invention may be applied wet or air applied. The fibrous structures and / or sanitary tissue products of the present invention may be embossed. The fibrous structures and / or sanitary tissue products of the present invention may comprise a surface softening agent or be free of a surface softening agent. In one example, the sanitary tissue product is a toilet tissue product not impregnated with lotion. The fibrous structures and / or sanitary tissue products of the present invention may comprise trichome fibers and / or may be free of trichome fibers. The fibrous structures and / or sanitary tissue products of the present invention can exhibit the compressibility values alone or in combination with the plate stiffness values with or without the aid of surface softening agents. In other words, the sanitary tissue products of the present invention can exhibit the previously described compressibility values alone or in combination with the plate stiffness values when surface softening agents are not present on the surface. and / or in the sanitary tissue products, in other words, the sanitary tissue product is free of surface softening agents. This does not mean that the hygienic paper products themselves can not include surface softening agents. This simply means that when the sanitary tissue product is manufactured without adding the surface softening agents, the sanitary tissue product exhibits the compressibility and plate stiffness values of the present invention. The addition of a surface softening agent to such a hygienic paper type product within the scope of the present invention (without the need for a surface softening agent or other chemical product) ) can improve the compressibility and / or the plate stiffness of the sanitary tissue product to a certain extent. However, sanitary tissue products that require the inclusion of surface softening agents on and / or in them to be within the scope of the present invention, in other words to obtain The compressibility and rigidity of the plate of the present invention are outside the scope of the present invention. The sanitary tissue products of the present invention and / or the three dimensional patterned fibrous structure jets employed in the sanitary tissue products of the present invention are formed on patterned molding elements which produce the sanitary tissue type products. of the present invention. In one example, the patterned molding member comprises a non-random repeating pattern. In another example, the patterned molding member comprises a resin pattern. A "reinforcing element" may be a desirable (but not necessary) element in some examples of the molding member, serving primarily to provide or facilitate the integrity, stability, and durability of the molding member including, for example, a resin material. The reinforcing member may be liquid permeable or partially liquid pervious, may have a variety of embodiments and weave patterns, and may include a variety of materials, such as, for example, a plurality of interlaced yarns ( including Jacquard woven fabrics and the like), felt, plastic, other suitable synthetic material, or any combination thereof. As illustrated in FIGS. 3A-3C, a non-limiting example of a patterned molding member suitable for use in the present invention includes an air-circulating drying belt 22. The air-drying belt air 22 comprises a plurality of semicontinuous seams 24 formed by semi-continuous resin line segments 26 arranged in a non-random repeating pattern, for example, a repeating pattern substantially in the cross machine direction of segments of semi-continuous lines 26 supported on a support fabric comprising filaments 27. In this case, the semi-continuous line segments 26 are curvilinear, for example sinusoidal. The service-continuous seams 24 are spaced from the adjacent semi-continuous seams 24 by semi-continuous bearings 28, which constitute deflection conduits in which portions of a fibrous structure layer are formed on the flow belt. 22 of Figures 3A-3C. As illustrated in FIGS. 4A-4D, a resultant toilet tissue product 29 being manufactured on the air-flow drying belt 22 of FIGS. 3A-3C includes serially continuous bushing regions 30 communicated by the semi-circular bushings 30. Continuous 28 of the air circulation drying belt 22 of Figures 3A-3C. The sanitary tissue product 29 further comprises semi-continuous joint regions 32 communicated by the semi-continuous seams 24 of the drying belt 22 of Figs. 3A-3C. The semicontinuous pad regions 30 and the semicontinuous seam regions 32 may have different densities, for example, one or more of the semicontinuous seam regions 32 may have a density that is greater than the density. one or more of the semi-continuous bearing regions 30.
[0018] Without wishing to be bound by theory, narrowing (dry and wet creping, tissue creping, accelerated transfer, etc.) is an integral part of the manufacture of fibrous structure and / or sanitary tissue type, helping to produce the desired compromise solidity, elongation, softness, absorbance, etc. Support members, transport and molding of fibrous structure used in the papermaking process, such as rolls, webs, felts, fabrics, belts, etc. have been variously shaped to interact with the narrowing so as to further control the properties of the fibrous structure and / or the sanitary tissue product. In the past, it has been thought that it is advantageous to avoid strongly dominant cross-seam designs that result in machine-direction oscillations of shrinkage forces. However, it has been unexpectedly found that the molding member of FIGS. 3A-3C provides a patterned molding member having dominant, cross-directional semi-continuous seams which provide better control of the molding and elongation of the mold. the fibrous structure while overcoming the negative aspects of the past. Table 1 below illustrates two known three-dimensional fiber structures having a surface comprising a three-dimensional pattern comprising at least one line element and an inventive example, Example 1 herein.
[0019] Feature Publication of United States Patent Application No. 2013 0143001 Cottonelle® Clean Care Invention (Example 1 below) Line Element Orientation SM SM Essentially ST Amplitude 4.83 mm (190 mil) 19.1 mm (750 mil) 0.86 mm (34 mil) Wavelength 50.8 mm (2000 mil) 114.3 mm (4500 mil) 12.5 mm (493 mil) Frequency 1,985 0,944 8,05 The products of The sanitary tissue type of the present invention may be manufactured by any suitable papermaking process as long as a molding member of the present invention is used to make the sanitary tissue product or at least one structural layer. and that the sanitary tissue product exhibits the compressibility and rigidity values of the present invention. The method may be a hygienic paper product manufacturing method which uses a cylindrical dryer such as a Yankee (a Yankee process) or it may be a non-Yankee process such as is used to manufacture fibrous structures and / or hygienic tissue products of substantially uniform and / or uncrimped density. Alternatively, the fibrous structures and / or sanitary tissue products may be manufactured by an air jet process and / or melt blown and / or spunbond processes and any combination thereof. provided that the fibrous structures and / or sanitary tissue products of the present invention are made therefrom. As illustrated in Figure 5, an example of a method and equipment, represented by 36 for making a sanitary tissue product according to the present invention includes providing an aqueous dispersion of fibers (a fibrous manufacturing composition). or slurry of fibers) to an arrival box 38 which may be of any advantageous design. From the headbox 38, the aqueous fiber dispersion is delivered to a first porous member 40 which is typically a Fourdrinier web, to produce an embryonic fibrous structure 42. The first porous member 40 may be supported by a roll of head 44 and a plurality of return rollers 46 of which only two are shown. The first porous member 40 may be propelled in the direction indicated by the directional arrow 48 by drive means, not shown. Optional auxiliary units and / or devices commonly associated with fibrous structure-making machines and the first porous element 40, but not shown, include marbles, drips, suction boxes, tension rollers, support rollers, canvas cleaning showers, and the like. After the aqueous fiber dispersion is deposited on the first porous member 40, the embryonic fibrous structure 42 is formed, typically by removing a portion of the aqueous dispersion medium by techniques well known to those skilled in the art. Suction boxes, marbles, squeegees, and the like are useful for effecting the removal of water. The embryonic fibrous structure 42 can move with the first porous member 40 around the return roller 46 and is brought into contact with a patterned molding member 20, such as a three-dimensional air-flow drying belt. While in contact with the patterned molding member 20, the embryonic fibrous structure 42 will be deflected, rearranged and / or further dehydrated. This can be achieved by applying differential speeds and / or pressures.
[0020] The pattern molding member 20 may be in the form of an endless belt. In this simplified representation, the patterned mold member 20 passes near and around pattern mold member return rollers 52 and impression pinch roller 54 and is movable in the direction indicated by the directional arrow 56. Associated with the drawing molding member 20, but not illustrated, there may be various support rollers, other return rollers, cleaning means, drive means, and the like known to those skilled in the art, which can be commonly used in fibrous structure manufacturing machines. After the embryonic fibrous structure 42 has been associated with the patterned molding member 20, the fibers within the embryonic fibrous structure 42 are deflected into the pads ("deflection conduits") present in the patterned molding member 20. In one example of this process step, there is virtually no water removal from the embryonic fibrous structure 42 through deflection conduits after the embryonic fibrous structure 42 has been associated with the patterned molding member. But before the deflection of the fibers in the deflection conduits.
[0021] Additional water removal from the embryonic fibrous structure 42 may occur during and / or after the moment the fibers are being deflected into the deflection conduits. Removal of water from the embryonic fibrous structure 42 may continue until the consistency of the embryonic fibrous structure 42 associated with the patterned molding member is increased from about 25% to about 35%. Once this consistency of the embryonic fibrous structure 42 is obtained, then the embryonic fibrous structure 42 may be referred to as the intermediate fibrous structure 58. During the process of forming the embryonic fibrous structure 42, sufficient water may be removed, as an uncompressed method, the embryonic fibrous structure 42 before it is associated with the patterned molding member 20 so that the consistency of the embryonic fibrous structure 42 can range from about 10% to about 30%. While the applicants refuse to be bound to any particular theory of operation, it appears that the deflection of the fibers into the embryonic fibrous structure and the removal of water from the embryonic fibrous structure begin substantially at the same time. Embodiments may, however, be contemplated wherein the deflection and water removal are sequential operations. Under the influence of the applied fluid differential pressure, for example, the fibers may be deflected in the deflection conduit with joint reordering of the fibers. Water removal can occur with continued reordering of the fibers. The deflection of the fibers, and the embryonic fibrous structure, can cause an apparent increase in the area of the embryonic fibrous structure. In addition, the reordering of the fibers may appear to cause reordering in the spaces or capillaries existing between and / or among the fibers. It is believed that fiber reordering may take one of two modes depending on a number of factors such as, for example, fiber length. The free ends of the long fibers can only be bent in the space defined by the deflection conduit while the opposite ends are constrained in the region of the ridges. The shorter fibers, on the other hand, can actually be transported from the peak region into the deflection conduit (the fibers in the deflection conduits will also be rearranged relative to each other). Of course, it is possible for either of the reordering modes to occur simultaneously. As noted, water removal occurs both during and after deflection; this removal of water can cause a decrease in mobility of the fibers in the embryonic fibrous structure. This decrease in fiber mobility may tend to fix and / or freeze fibers in place after they have been deflected and rearranged.
[0022] Of course, drying the fibrous structure at a later stage in the process of the present invention serves to secure and / or more firmly freeze the fibers in position. Any advantageous means known in a conventional manner in the papermaking art can be used to dry the intermediate fibrous structure 58. Examples of such an appropriate drying method include subjecting the intermediate fibrous structure 58 to conventional and / or circulating dryers and / or scrubbers. In one example of a drying process, the intermediate fibrous structure 58 in association with the patterned molding member 20 passes around the return roller of the patterned molding member 52 and moves in the direction indicated by the directional arrow 56 The intermediate fibrous structure 58 can first pass through an optional pre-dryer 60. This pre-dryer 60 may be a conventional circulation dryer (hot air dryer) well known to those skilled in the art. Optionally, the pre-dryer 60 may be a so-called capillary dewatering apparatus. In such an apparatus, the intermediate fibrous structure 58 passes over a sector of a cylinder having pores of preferential capillary size through its porous cylindrical cover. Optionally, the pre-dryer 60 may be a combination of a capillary dewatering apparatus and a circulation dryer. The amount of water removed in the pre-dryer 60 can be controlled so that a pre-dried fibrous structure 62 leaving the pre-dryer 60 has a consistency of from about 30% to about 98%. The pre-dried fibrous structure 62, which may still be associated with the patterned molding member 20, may pass around another patterned molding member return roll 52 and as it moves toward a nip roll. As the pre-dried fibrous structure 62 passes through the line of contact formed between impression nip roll 54 and a surface of a Yankee 64, the pattern formed by the upper surface 66 of the patterned molding member 20 is printed into the pre-dried fibrous structure 62 to form a three-dimensional patterned fiber structure 68. The labeled fibrous structure 68 may then adhere to the surface of the Yankee 64 where it may be dried to a consistency of at least about 95% . The three-dimensional patterned fibrous structure 68 may then be creped by shrinking the three-dimensional patterned fiber structure 68 with a crepe blade 70 to remove the three dimensional patterned fiber structure 68 from the surface of the Yankee 64 by driving the production of a structure. three-dimensional patterned creped fibrous material 72 according to the present invention. As used herein, narrowing refers to the reduction in length of a dry fibrous structure (having a consistency of at least about 90% and / or at least about 95%) that occurs when energy is applied to the dry fibrous structure in such a way that the length of the fibrous structure is reduced and the fibers in the fibrous structure are rearranged with joint dislocation of the fiber-fiber bonds. Shrinkage can be accomplished in any of several well-known ways. A common method of shrinking is creping. The creped three-dimensional patterned fibrous structure 72 may be subjected to post-processing steps such as calendering, tufting operations, and / or embossing and / or conversion. Another example of a suitable papermaking process for making the sanitary tissue products of the present invention is shown in FIG. 6. FIG. 6 illustrates an uncreped air circulation drying method. In this example, a multilayered headbox 74 deposits an aqueous suspension of papermaking fibers between forming webs 76 and 78 so as to form an embryonic fibrous structure 80. The embryonic fibrous structure 80 is transferred to a tissue. Slow motion transfer 82 with the aid of at least one suction box 84. The vacuum level used for fibrous structure transfers can range from about 10 to about 51 kilopascals (about 3 to about 15 inches of mercury ( 76 to about 381 millimeters of mercury)). The suction box 84 (negative pressure) can be supplemented or replaced by the use of positive pressure from the opposite side of the embryonic fibrous structure 80 to blow the embryonic fibrous structure 80 onto the following tissue in addition to or in replacement of its suction on the next fabric with vacuum. In addition, one or more suction rollers may be used to replace the suction box (s) 84. In addition, as can be seen in Figure 6, the forming lines, the belts, and / or the fabrics are supported by a plurality of rolls known to those skilled in the art. The embryonic fibrous structure 80 is then transferred to a molding member 20 of the present invention, such as an air-circulating drying fabric, and sent to air-flow dryers 86 and 88 to dry the fibrous structure. embryo 80 to form a three-dimensional patterned fibrous structure 90. While being supported by the patterned molding member 20, the three-dimensional patterned fiber structure 90 is finally dried to a consistency of about or greater than 94% (percent). After drying, the three-dimensional patterned fiber structure 90 is transferred from the patterned molding member to the fabric 92 and then briefly interposed between the fabrics 92 and 94. The dried three dimensional patterned fiber structure 90 remains with the fabric 94 until it is wound at the reel 96 ("mother reel") as a finished fiber structure. Subsequently, the finished three-dimensional patterned fiber structure 90 may be unwound, calendered, and converted to the sanitary tissue product of the present invention, such as a toilet paper roll, in any suitable manner.
[0023] Yet another example of a suitable papermaking process for making the sanitary tissue products of the present invention is illustrated in FIG. 7. FIG. 7 illustrates a papermaking machine 98 having a conventional shaped forming section. twin web 100, a felt passage section 102, a shoe press section 104, a molding member section 106, in this case a section of crepe fabric, and a Yankee section 108 suitable for practicing the present invention. The forming section 100 includes a pair of forming fabrics 110 and 112 supported by a plurality of rollers 114 and a forming roll 116. An end box 118 provides a paper making composition at a nip 120 between the forming roll 116 and the roll 114 and the fabrics 110 and 112. The manufacturing composition forms an embryonic fibrous structure 122 which is dehydrated on the fabrics 110 and 112 with the assistance of vacuum, for example, by means of the suction box 124. The embryonic fibrous structure 122 is advanced to a paper making felt 126 which is supported by a plurality of rollers 114 and the felt 126 is in contact with a shoe press roll 128. The embryonic fibrous structure 122 is weak. consistency when transferred to felt 126. Transfer may be assisted by vacuum; as by a suction roll if desired or a grip or suction sole, as is known in the art. As the embryonic fibrous structure 122 reaches the shoe press roll 128, it can have a consistency of 10 to 25% when it enters the shoe press contact line 130 between the shoe press roll 128 and the transfer roller 132. The transfer roller 132 may be a heated roller, if desired. Instead of a shoe press roll 128, it could be a conventional suction pressure roll. If a shoe press roll 128 is employed, it is desirable that the roll 114 immediately before the shoe press roll 128 is an effective suction roll to remove water from the felt 126 before the felt 126 enters the line. the shoe press contact 130 as the water from the manufacturing composition will be pressed into the felt 126 in the shoe press contact line 130. In any case, the use of a roll Aspiration at the roller 114 is typically desirable to ensure that the embryonic fibrous structure 122 remains in contact with the felt 126 during the change of direction, as will be apparent to one skilled in the art from the diagram.
[0024] The embryonic fibrous structure 122 is wet pressed onto the felt 126 in the shoe press contact line 130 with the assistance of the pressing shoe 134. The embryonic fibrous structure 122 is thus dehydrated compactly at the nip shoe press 130, typically increasing the consistency of 15 points or more at this stage of the process. The configuration shown at the shoe press line 130 is generally referred to as a shoe press; in connection with the present invention, the transfer roller 132 is operative as a transfer cylinder which functions to transport the embryonic fibrous structure 122 at high speed, typically from 5.08 meters / second (m / s) to 30.5 m / s (1000 feet / minute (feet per minute) to 6000 feet per minute) to the molding member section 106 of the present invention, for example, a section of air-flow drying fabric, also designated in this method by section of crepe fabric. The transfer roll 132 has a smooth transfer roll surface 136 which may be provided with adhesive and / or release agents, as needed. The embryonic fibrous structure 122 adheres to the transfer roller surface 136 which rotates at a high angular velocity as the embryonic fibrous structure 122 continues to advance in the machine direction indicated by the arrows 138. On the transfer roller 132 the embryonic fibrous structure 122 has an apparent random distribution of fiber. The embryonic fibrous structure 122 enters the shoe press line 130 typically at 10 to 25% consistencies and is dehydrated and dried at consistencies ranging from about 25 to about 70% when it is transferred to the limb. In this case, the molding material 140 is a patterned crepe fabric, as illustrated in the diagram.
[0025] The molding member 140 is supported on a plurality of rollers 114 and a press nip roll 142 and forms a molding member contact line 144, for example, a fabric crepe nip, with the transfer roller 132. as illustrated.
[0026] The molding member 140 defines a crepe nip on the distance in which the molding member 140 is adapted to contact the transfer roller 132; i.e., applies significant pressure to the embryonic fibrous structure 122 against the transfer roller 132. For this purpose, a support press pinch roller (or crepe) 142 may be provided with a flexible deformable surface which will increase the length of the crepe nip and increase the tissue creping angle between the molding member 140 and the embryonic fibrous structure 122 and the contact point or shoe press roller could be used as a nip roll. 142 to increase effective contact with the embryonic fibrous structure 122 in a high impact molding member 144 where the embryonic fibrous structure 122 is transferred to the molding member 140 and advanced in the machine direction 138. Using different equipment at the of the molding member contact line 144, it is possible to adjust the tissue creping angle or the withdrawal angle of the membrane contact line Accordingly, it is possible to influence the nature and amount of fiber delamination / detachment redistribution that can occur at the molding member contact line 144 by adjusting these contact line parameters. In some embodiments, it may be desirable to restructure the inter-fiber characteristics in the z-direction, while in other cases it may be desired to influence the properties only in the plane of the fibrous structure. The spacing parameters of the molding member can influence the fiber distribution in the fiber structure in a variety of directions, including inducing changes in the z direction as well as in the machine direction and the cross direction. In any case, transfer of the transfer roller to the molding member is a high impact in that the fabric moves more slowly than the fibrous structure and a significant change in velocity occurs. Typically, the fibrous structure is creped anywhere from 10 to 60% or more, during transfer of the transfer roll to the molding member. The molding member contact line 144 generally extends over a molding member spacing distance of from about 0.32 cm to about 5 cm, typically from 1.3 cm to 5 cm (about 1/8 "about 2", typically 1/2 "to 2"). For a molding member 140, for example, a crepe fabric, with 32 threads in the cross direction by 2.5 cm (per inch), the embryonic fibrous structure 122 will thus meet anywhere from about 4 to 64 filaments. in the molding member gap 144. The contact pressure in the molding member contact line 144, i.e. the loading between the roller 142 and the transfer roller 132 is suitably (3.5 to 17.5 kN / m (20 to 100 pounds per linear inch (PLI).) After passing through the mold member contact line 144 and, for example, a fabric crepe of the structure embryo fibrous 122, a three-dimensional patterned fibrous structure 146 continues to advance along the machine direction 138 where it is wet pressed on a Yankee (dryer) 148 in the transfer nip 150. Transfer to the nip 150 occurs at a consistency of the tri-pattern fibrous structure dimensionals 146 generally ranging from about 25 to about 70%. At these consistencies, it is difficult to adhere the three dimensional patterned fibrous structure 146 to the Yankee surface 152 sufficiently firmly to vigorously remove the three dimensional patterned fiber structure 146 from the molding member 140. This aspect of the process is important, particularly when it is desired to use a high speed drying cap, as well as maintain high impact creping conditions. In this regard, it should be noted that conventional air circulation drying methods do not use high velocity copings since sufficient adhesion to the Yankee is not achieved. It has been found, according to the present invention, that the use of particular adhesives cooperates with a moderately moist fibrous structure (25 to 70% consistency) to adhere it sufficiently to the Yankee to allow high speed operation of the system and contact air drying at high jet speed. In this regard, a polyvinyl alcohol / polyamide adhesive composition as set forth above is applied at 154, as needed.
[0027] The three-dimensional patterned fibrous structure is dried on the Yankee roller 148 which is a heated cylinder and high velocity jet contact air in the Yankee hood 156. As the Yankee roller 148 rotates, the fiber structure three-dimensional patterns 146 is creped from the frothing roll 148 by the crepe squeegee 158 and is wound on a winding roll 160. The creping of the paper from a Yankee can be performed using an oscillating creping blade, such as that described in U.S. Patent No. 5,690,788, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference. The use of the oscillating creping blade has been shown to provide several advantages when used in the production of absorbent paper products. In general, paper towels absorbed by an oscillating blade have a greater thickness, increased elongation in the cross direction, and a higher void volume than comparable paper towel products. using conventional crepe blades. All of these changes made by the use of the oscillating blade tend to correlate with an improved perception of softness of the tissue paper products. When a wet creping process is employed, a contact air dryer, an air dryer, or a plurality of drum dryers may be used instead of a Yankee. Contact air dryers are described in the following patents and applications, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference: U.S. Patent No. 5,865,955 to Ilvespaaet et al., U.S. Patent No. 5,968,590 to Ahonen et al., U.S. Patent No. 6,001,421 to Ahonen et al., U.S. Patent No. 6,119,362 to Sundqvist et al., U.S. Patent Application Serial No. No. 09 / 733,172, entitled Wet Crepe, Impingement-Air Dry Process for Making Absorbent Sheet, now US Patent No. 6,432,267. A circulating drying unit as is well known in the art is described in US Pat. 3,432,936 to Cole et al., The disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference as well as US Pat. No. 5,851,353 which discloses a drum drying system. FIG. 8 shows a papermaking machine 98, similar to FIG. 7, to be used in connection with the present invention. The papermaking machine 98 is a machine with three fabric loops having a forming section 100, generally referred to in the art as a crescent former. The forming section 100 includes a forming wire 162 supported by a plurality of rollers such as the rollers 114. The forming section 100 also includes a forming roll 166, which supports the paper making felt 126, so that the embryonic fibrous structure 122 is formed directly on the felt 126. The felt passage 102 extends to a shoe press section 104 in which the wet embryonic fibrous structure 122 is deposited on a transfer roll 132 (also referred to as sometimes support roll), as previously described. Subsequently, the embryonic fibrous structure 122 is creped on the molding member 140, such as a crepe fabric, in the limb contact line 144 before being deposited on the Yankee 148 in another line. The papermaking machine 98 may include a suction revolving roll, in some embodiments; however, the three-loop system can be configured in various ways in which a rotating roll is not required. This feature is particularly important in connection with the reconstruction of a paper machine in that the expense of relocating the associated equipment, ie pulping or fiber processing equipment and / or bulky and expensive drying equipment, such as the Yankee or the plurality of drum dryers, would make the reconstruction cost prohibitive, unless the improvements could be designed to be compatible with the existing installation.
[0028] Figure 9 shows another example of a suitable papermaking process for making the sanitary tissue products of the present invention. Figure 9 illustrates a papermaking machine 98 for use in connection with the present invention. The papermaking machine 98 is a machine with three fabric loops having a forming section 100, generally referred to in the art as a crescent former. The forming section 100 includes an end box 118 depositing a manufacturing composition on the forming wire 110 supported by a plurality of rollers 114. The forming section 100 also includes a forming roll 166, which supports the manufacturing felt of paper 126 so that the embryonic fibrous structure 122 is formed directly on the felt 126.
[0029] The felt passage 102 extends to a shoe press section 104 in which the wet embryonic fibrous structure 122 is deposited on a transfer roll 132 and wet pressed simultaneously with the transfer. Subsequently, the embryonic fibrous structure 122 is transferred to the molding member section 106, being transferred to and / or creped on the molding member 140 of the present invention, for example, a circulating drying belt. air, in the molding member contact line 144, for example, a belt crepe contact line, before being optionally drawn by the vacuum by the suction box 168, then deposited on the Yankee 148 in another line contacting the press 150 using a creping adhesive, as indicated above. Transferring to a Yankee machine from the crepe belt differs from conventional transfers in a conventional wet press (CWP) ranging from a felt to a Yankee machine. In a CWP process, the pressures in the transfer contact line may be plus or minus 87.6 kN / meter (500 PLI), and the pressurized contact area between the Yankee surface and the fibrous structure is close to , or equal to, 100%. The pressure roller can be a suction roller that can have a P & J hardness of 25-30. On the other hand, a belt creping method of the present invention typically involves transferring to a Yankee machine with 4 to 40% pressurized contact area between the fibrous structure and the Yankee surface at a pressure of 43.8 ° C. 61.3 kN / meter (250 to 350 PLI). No suction is applied in the transfer contact line, and a softer pressure roll is used, hardness P & J 35-45. The papermaking machine may include a suction roll, in some embodiments; however, the three-loop system can be configured in various ways in which a rotating roll is not required. This feature is particularly important in connection with the reconstruction of a paper machine in that the expense of relocating the associated equipment, ie the arrival crate, the pulping equipment or expensive and expensive fiber processing and / or drying equipment, such as the Yankee or the plurality of drum dryers, would make the cost of rebuilding prohibitive, unless the improvements could be designed to be compatible with the existing installation. Non-Limiting Examples of Methods for Producing Sanitary Paper Products Example 1 - Air Flow Drying Belt The following example illustrates a non-limiting example for a preparation of a sanitary tissue product comprising a fibrous structure according to US Pat. the present invention on a Fourdrinier fibrous structure manufacturing machine (papermaking) on a pilot scale. An aqueous slurry of eucalyptus pulp fibers (Fibria Brazilian bleached hardwood kraft pulp) is prepared at about 3% fiber by weight using a conventional pulper and then transferred to the fiber feed box. hardwood. The eucalyptus fiber slurry from the hardwood box is pumped through a feed line to a hardwood mix pump where the consistency of the slurry is reduced by about 3% by weight. fiber to about 0.15% by weight of fiber. The 0.15% eucalyptus slurry is then pumped and evenly distributed in the upper and lower chambers of a three-chamber, multi-ply feed box of a Fourdrinier wet paper machine. In addition, an aqueous slurry of NSK pulp fibers (Northern Coniferous Wood Kraft) is prepared at about 3% fiber by weight using a conventional pulper and then transferred to the wood fiber feed box. of conifers. The NSK fiber slurry from the coniferous wood supply box is pumped through a feed line to be refined to a Canadian Standardized Freeness Index (CSF) of about 630. The Refined NSK 10 Fiber Slurry is then directed to the NSK mixing pump where the consistency of the NSK slurry is reduced from about 3% by weight of fiber to about 0.15% by weight of fiber. The 0.15% eucalyptus slurry is then directed and distributed in the central chamber of a multi-ply, three-chambered box of a Fourdrinier wet paper machine. In order to impart temporary moisture resistance to the finished fiber structure, a 1% dispersion of temporary wet reinforcement additive (eg, Parez® marketed by Kemira) is prepared and added to the feed conduit of the feed. NSK fibers at a rate sufficient to deliver 0.3% of temporary wet reinforcement additive based on the dry weight of the NSK fibers. The absorption of the temporary wet reinforcing additive is improved by passing the treated slurry through an in-line mixer. The wet-laid paper making machine has a layered checkbox having an upper chamber, a central chamber, and a lower chamber where the chambers feed directly onto the forming wire (Fourdrinier canvas). The eucalyptus fiber slurry of 0.15% consistency is directed to the top checkout and the lower checkout box. The NSK fiber slurry is directed to the central cashbox. The three fiber layers are simultaneously delivered in superimposed relationship on the Fourdrinier web to form a three-layered embryonic fibrous (band) structure, of which about 33% of the upper side is made of eucalyptus fibers, about 33%. % is made of eucalyptus fibers on the lower side and about 34% consists of NSK fibers in the center. The dehydration is carried out through the Fourdrinier canvas and is assisted by a baffle and suction cups table cloth. The Fourdrinier canvas is an 84M (84 out of 76 5A, Albany International). The speed of the Fourdrinier canvas is approximately 4.06 meters per second (m / s) (800 feet per minute). The embryonic wet fibrous structure is transferred from the Fourdrinier web at a fiber consistency of about 16 to 20% at the transfer point to a three-dimensional air-flow drying belt as shown in FIGS. 4A-4C. The speed of the three-dimensional pattern air-drying belt is identical to the speed of the Fourdrinier fabric. The three-dimensional patterned air-drying belt is designed to provide a fibrous structure as illustrated in FIGS. 5A-5D, comprising a pattern of semi-continuous low-density bearing regions and joining regions. high density semi-continuous. This three-dimensional pattern air-flow drying belt is formed by casting an impermeable resin surface over a fiber mesh backing fabric as shown in FIGS. 4B and 4C. The support fabric is a fine double-layered lattice of 98 x 52 filaments. The thickness of the cast resin is about 0.33 millimeters (13 mils) above the support fabric. Further dehydration of the fibrous structure is accomplished by vacuum assisted drainage until the fibrous structure has a fiber consistency of about 20% to 30%. While remaining in contact with the three-dimensional pattern air-drying belt, the fibrous structure is pre-dried by a blast of air through pre-dryers to a fiber consistency of about 50 to 65% by weight. . After the dryers, the semi-dry fibrous structure is transferred to the Yankee and adheres to the surface of the Yankee with a vaporized creping adhesive. The creping adhesive is an aqueous dispersion with the active ingredients consisting of about 80% polyvinyl alcohol (PVA 88-50), about 20% CREPETROL® 457T20. CREPETROL® 457T20 is marketed by Ashland (formerly Hercules Incorporated of Wilmington, DE). The creping adhesive is delivered to the Yankee surface at a rate of about 0.15% adhesive solids based on the dry weight of the fibrous structure. The fiber consistency is increased to about 97% before the fibrous structure is creped dry from the Yankee with a doctor blade. The doctor blade has a bevel angle of about 25 ° and is positioned relative to the Yankee to provide an impact angle of about 81 °. The Yankee is used at a temperature of about 135 ° C (275 ° F) and a speed of about 4.06 m / s (800 feet per minute). The fibrous structure is rolled into a roll (master roll) using a surface-driven reel drum having a peripheral speed of about 3.53 m / s (695 feet per minute).
[0030] Two mother rolls of the fibrous structure are then converted to a sanitary tissue product by loading the fibrous structure roll into a unwinding support. The production speed is 2.03 m / s (400 ft / min). A stock reel of the fibrous structure is unwound and transported on an embossing support where the fibrous structure is contracted to form the embossing pattern in the fibrous structure and then combined with the fibrous structure from the other stock to produce a multilayer sanitary tissue product (2 layers). The multilayer sanitary tissue product is then transported on a slit extruder through which a surface chemical may be applied. The multilayer sanitary tissue product is then transported to a winder where it is wound on a mandrel to form a spool. The multilayer sanitary tissue product reel is then transported to a reel saw where the reel is cut into finished rolls of multilayer sanitary tissue product. The multilayer sanitary paper product of this example has the properties shown in Table 1 above.
[0031] Test Procedures Unless otherwise specified, all tests described herein including those described under the Definitions section and the following test procedures are performed on samples that have been conditioned in a conditioned room at a temperature of 23 ° C ± 1, 0 ° C and a relative humidity of 50 ± 2% for a minimum of 2 hours before the test.
[0032] The tested samples are "usable units". "Usable units" as used herein refers to sheets, flat portions from a roll stock, pre-processed flat portions, and / or monolayer or multilayer products. All tests are performed in such a conditioned room. Do not test samples that have defects such as creases, tears, holes, and the like. All instruments are calibrated according to the manufacturer's specifications.
[0033] Surface Mass Test Method The basis weight of a fibrous structure and / or a sanitary tissue product is measured on stacks of twelve usable units using a top loading analytical balance with a resolution of ± 0.001 boy Wut. The scale is protected from drafts and other disturbances by using a draft protection screen. A precision cutting die is used, measuring 8.89 cm ± 0.0089 cm on 8.89 cm ± 0.0089 cm (3,500 in ± 0,0035 in 3,500 in ± 0,0035 in) to prepare all samples. With a precision die cut, cut the samples into squares. Combine the cut squares to form a stack of twelve samples in thickness. Measure the mass of the sample stack and record the result at plus or minus 0.001 g. The basis weight is calculated in pounds / 3000 ft2 or g / m2 as follows: Density = (Mass of the cell) / [(Area of 1 cell in the cell) x (Number of 15 cells in the cell)] For example Weight per pound (pounds / 3000 feet 2) = L [Weight of the pile (g) / 453.6 (g / lb)] / 20 [12.25 (in2) / 144 (po2 / ft2) x 12]] x 3000 OR, Density (g / m2) = Mass of the stack (g) / [79.032 (cm2) / 10,000 (cm2 / m2) x 12] 25 Indicate the result at plus or minus 0.1 lb / 3000 ft2 or 0.1 g / m2. The dimensions of the sample can be varied or varied using a similar precision cutting member as previously mentioned, so as to have at least 645 square centimeters (100 square inches) of sample area in the stack . Thickness Testing Method The size of a fibrous structure and / or a sanitary tissue product is measured using a ProGage micrometer (Thwing-Albert Instrument Company, West Berlin, NJ) with a pressure foot diameter. 5.08 cm (2.32 in. area) at a pressure of 1.4 kPa (95 g / in2) Four (4) samples are prepared by cutting of a usable unit such that each cut sample is at least 6.4 centimeters per side (2.5 inches per side), avoiding obvious creases, folds and defects An individual sample is placed on the anvil with the sample is centered below the pressure foot and the foot is lowered to 0.08 cm / s (0.03 in / s) at an applied pressure of 1.4 kPa (95 g / in2). after a holding time of 3 s, and the foot is raised, the measurement is repeated similarly for the remaining 3 samples. as the average thickness of the four specimens and is expressed in mils (0.0025 inches) to 0.0025 millimeters (0.1 mil).
[0034] Density test method The density of a fibrous structure and / or a sanitary tissue product is calculated as the quotient of the basis weight of a fibrous structure or a toilet tissue product expressed in pounds / 3000 feet2 divided by the size (at 1.4 kPa (95 g / in2)) of the fibrous structure or toilet paper product expressed in mils. The final density value is calculated in pounds / feet3 and / or g / cm3, using the appropriate conversion factors. Battery Compression Test Method The stack thickness (measured in mils, 0.0025 centimeter (0.001 inch)) is measured as a function of the confining pressure (g / in2) using a Thwing compression / flexibility tester. Albert (14 W. Collings Ave., West Berlin, NJ) Vantage (model 1750-2005 or similar) or equivalent instrument equipped with a load cell of 24.5 N (2500 g) (accuracy on the force is +/- 0.25% when the measured value is between 10% and 100% of the capacity of the load cell, and 0.025% when the measured value is less than 10% of the capacity of the load cell load gauge), a steel pressure leg with a diameter of 2,865 centimeters (1,128 inches) (a cross-sectional area of 6.5 centimeters squared (one inch squared)) that is aligned parallel to the steel anvil ( diameter of 6.4 centimeters (2.5 inches)). The surfaces of the pressure foot and the anvil must be clean and free of dust, especially when performing the steel-on-steel test. The Thwing-Albert software (MAP) controls the movement and acquisition of instrument data The instrument and software are configured to collect traverse position and force data at a speed of 50 dots / s. The crosshead speed (which moves the pressure foot) to test the samples is set to 0.51 cm / min (0.20 inch / min) (the steel-to-steel test speed is set to 0.13 cm / min (0.05 inches / min)). The crosshead and force data are recorded between the load cell range of approximately 5 and 1500 grams during the compression of this test. Since the foot area is 6.4 centimeters squared (one square inch), the force data recorded corresponds to a pressure in units of g / square inch. The MAP software is programmed to the selected traverse position values at specific pressure entry points of 0.15, 0.38, 0.76, 1.14, 1.52, 1.90, 2.28, 3.03, 4.55, 6.07, 7.58, 9.10, 11.4, 15.17, 18.96 kPa (10, 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, 150, 200, 300 , 400, 500, 600, 750, 1000, and 1250 g / in2) (i.e., record the traverse position of the next data point immediately collected after each pressure point is exceeded). Since the overall test system, including the load cell, is not perfectly rigid, a steel-to-steel test is performed (that is, with nothing between the pressure foot and the anvil) at least twice for each test lot, to obtain a set of averages of steel steel crossbar positions at each of the 15 gripping points. This steel-steel crosshead position data is subtracted from the corresponding cross-position data at each entry point for each tested stacked sample, thereby giving the stacking thickness (mils) at each point of pressure entry.
[0035] Tile (input) = PTpile (input) - Tackle (input) Where: input = input point pressure Tile = stack thickness (at input pressure) PTpile = stack traverse position under test (at gripping pressure) PTacier = Transverse position of steel-to-steel test (at gripping pressure) A stack of five (5) usable units is prepared for testing in the following manner. The minimum usable unit size is 6.4 centimeters by 6.4 centimeters (2.5 inches by 2.5 inches); however, a larger sheet size is preferable for the test, since it allows easier handling without touching the central region where the compression test is taking place. For typical perforated toilet paper, this involves removing five (5) sets of 3 usable connected units. In this case, the test is carried out on the usable unit of the medium and the 2 useable external units are used for handling during the removal of the roll and the stacking. For other product formats, it is advisable, when possible, to create a test sheet size (each one usable thickness) that is large enough for the internal test region of the stack created with a thickness of 5 usable units is never physically touched, stretched or contracted, but with dimensions not exceeding 36 centimeters by 15 centimeters (14 inches by 6 inches). The sheets (thickness of one usable unit each) of the same approximate dimensions, are placed one above the other, with their machine direction aligned in the same direction, their outer faces all facing the same direction and their edges being aligned +/- 3 mm from each other. The central part of the pile, where the compression test will take place, must never be physically touched, elongated and / or contracted (this includes never "smoothing" the surface with a hand or other device before the test) . The stack of 5 sheets is placed on the anvil, positioning it so that the pressure foot will come into contact with the central region of the stack (for the first compression test) at a point not physically touched, leaving space for a subsequent compression test (second), also in the central region of the stack, but separated by 0.64 cm (1/4 inch) or more from the first compression test, so that the both tests are in unaffected and separated points in the central region of the stack. From these two tests, the average cross-position of the stack at each input pressure (ie, CP Stack (input)) is calculated. Then, using the average steel-to-steel crosshead (ie, PTacier (grab)) grab points, the average stack thickness at each grab (ie Tpile (enter is calculated (mils) The stack compressibility is defined here as the absolute value of the linear slope of the stacking thickness (mils) as a function of the log (10) of the confining pressure (grams / po2) using the input points previously discussed in a least squares regression The units for stack compressibility are mils / (log (g / in2)), and this is indicated at plus or minus 0, 17 mm / (log (kPa)) [0.1 mils / (log (g / in 2))]. Plate stiffness test method As used herein, the "plate stiffness" test is a measure of the stiffness of a flat sample as it is deformed down into a hole below the sample.For the test, the sample is modeled as an infinite plate with a thickness "t" which is on a flat surface where it is centered on a hole with radius "R". A central force "F" applied to the absorbent paper directly on the center of the hole deflects the absorbent paper down into the hole over a distance "w". For a linear elastic material, the deviation can be predicted by: 3F 'w (IP) (3 + 0112' 41rEt 'where' E 'is the effective linear elastic modulus,' v 'is the Poisson's ratio,' R 'is the radius of the hole, and "t" is the thickness of the absorbent paper, taken as the gauge in millimeters measured on a stack of 5 absorbent papers under a load of about 0.29 psi (2.0 kPa). Poisson's ratio to a value of 0.1 (the solution is not very sensitive to this parameter, therefore the imprecision due to the adopted value is probably minor), the previous equation can be reformulated for "w" to estimate actual module based on flexibility test results: 3R2 FE 4e w Test results are performed using an MTS Alliance RT / 1, Insight Renew or similar test machine (MTS Systems Corp., Eden Prairie, Minn .), with a load cell of 50 newtons, and a speed of acquisition at least 25 points of force per second. When a stack of five sheets of absorbent paper (created without any creasing, pressing or deformation) of at least 6.4 centimeters by 6.4 centimeters (2.5 inches by 2.5 inches), but not more than 13 centimeters by 13 centimeters (5.0 inches by 5.0 inches), oriented in the same direction, is centered on a 15.75 mm radius hole on a support plate, a blunt probe 30 with a radius of 3 , 15 mm goes down at a speed of 20 mm / min. For a typical perforated roll-on absorbent paper towel, the sample preparation consists of removing five (5) usable connected units, and carefully forming a stack of five sheets, in the manner of an accordion, by folding only at the level of perforation lines. When the end of the probe goes down to 1 mm below the plane of the support plate, the test is complete. The maximum slope (using least squares regression) in grams of force / mm over any 0.5 mm range during the test is recorded (this maximum slope usually occurs at the end of the run). The load cell monitors the applied force and the position of the end of the probe relative to the plane of the support plate is also monitored. The maximum load is recorded, and "E" is estimated using the equation above. The plate stiffness "S" per unit width can then be calculated as: Et 3 12 and is expressed in units of Newtons * millimeters. The Testworks program uses the following formula to calculate the stiffness (or it can be calculated manually from the output of the raw data): - F (3 + v) R2 w ill. 1 6n- where "F / w" is the maximum slope (force divided by the deflection), "v" is the Poisson's ratio taken at a value of 0.1, and "R" is the ring radius. The same sample stack (as used previously) is then returned and retested in the same manner as previously described. This test is run three more times (with different sample stacks). Thus, eight S values are calculated from four stacks of sheets of the same sample. The numerical average of these eight S values is indicated as plate stiffness for the sample. Slip-slip friction coefficient test method Context Friction is the stress that resists the relative movement of solid surfaces, layers of fluid, and sliding material elements against each other. Of particular interest here, the "dry" friction resists the relative lateral movement of two solid surfaces in contact. Dry friction is subdivided into static friction between non-moving surfaces, and kinetic friction between moving surfaces. "Slip adhesion" as applied herein is the term used to describe the dynamic variation of kinetic friction.
[0036] Friction is not itself a fundamental force, but arises from the fundamental electromagnetic forces between the charged particles constituting the two surfaces in contact. Textured surfaces also involve mechanical interactions, as is the case when glass paper rubs against a fibrous substrate. The complexity of these interactions makes it impossible to calculate friction from the first principles and requires the use of empirical methods for the analysis and development of a theory. As such, a specific sled material and testing method has been identified, and has shown a correlation with human perception of surface sensation. This method of testing slip coefficient and friction adhesion measures the interaction of a diamond file (120-140 grains) against a surface of a test sample, in this case a fibrous structure and / or a hygienic tissue product, at a pressure of about 0.491 (13a (32 g / in2) .The friction measurements are highly dependent on the accuracy of the surface properties of the sled material and, since each sled has no reference "standard", the variation in surface properties from one sled to another is taken into account by testing a test sample with several sleds, depending on the equipment and procedure described below. Thwing-Albert (14 W. Collings Ave., West Berlin, NJ) friction or peel test (model 225-1) or equivalent if it is not available, with a metal test platform at smooth surface 200, is used, equipped with a log data acquisition unit and a calibrated load cell 201 of 19.6 Newtons (2000 grams) (having a small metallic equipment (defined here as the "load cell arm" 202) and a crossbar 203) that moves horizontally across the platform 200. The load cell arm 202, attached to the load cell 201, has a small hole near its end, so that a string of the sled can be attached (for this process, however, no string will be used). In this hole of the load cell arm is inserted a cap screw 214 (3/4 inch (# 8-32) (shown in Figure 12) partially screwing it into the opening, so that it is rigid (not loose) and pointing vertically, perpendicular to the arm of the load cell 202. After turning on the instrument, set the test speed of the instrument to 5 centimeters / min (2 inch / min), the test time to 10 seconds and wait at least 5 minutes for the instrument to preheat before resetting the load cell 201 (without anything touching it) and test. The load cell force data are collected at a rate of 52 points per second, indicated at plus or minus 0.001 Newton (0.1 gram force). Press the "Back" button to move the crossbar to its original position.
[0037] A smooth surface metal test platform 200, with dimensions of 13 centimeters by 10 centimeters by 1.9 centimeters (5 inches by 4 by 3 by 4 inches), is disposed on the surface of the tray. of the test instrument, on the left side of the load cell 201, with one of its 10 centimeter (4 inch by 3/4 inch) sides facing the load cell 201, positioned at 2.858 centimeters (1.125 inches) (distance d) from the leftmost end of the load cell arm 202 as shown in Figure 10. Sixteen test sleds 204, an example is shown in Figure 11, are required to perform this test (32 faces of different sled surfaces). Each is manufactured using a wide-sided double sided diamond file 206 (25mm x 25mm, 120/140 grain, 1.2mm thick, part number McMaster-Carr 8142A14) with 2 flat metal washers 208 (approximately 1.75 centimeters (11 / 16ths of an inch) in outer diameter and approximately 0.87 centimeters (11 / 32nds of an inch) in inner diameter). The combined weight of the diamond file 206 and the two washers 208 is 11.7 grams +/- 0.2 gram (choose different washers until the weight is in this range). Using a metal bonding adhesive (Loctite 430, or the like), adhere the two washers 208 to the c-shaped end 210 of the diamond file 206 (one each on each face), aligned and positioned so that the The opening of the washer 212 is wide enough for the cap screw 214 to enter easily (see Figure 12), and to make the total length of the sled 204 approximately 8 centimeters (3 inches) long. Clean the sledge 204 by soaking it, only the side of the face of the diamond 216, in a carbitol bath, while at the same time gently brushing with a soft-bristled toothbrush 3-6 times both sides of the file Diamond 206. Remove acetone and dry by tapping each side with Kimwipe paper towel (do not rub the absorbent paper on the diamond surface as this may loosen pieces of paper towels on the sled surface). Wait at least 15 minutes before using sled 204 in a test. Label each side of the sled 204 (on the arm or washer, not on the diamond face) with a unique identifier (ie, the first sled is marked "la" on one side, and "lb" on his other side). When the 16 sleds are created and tagged, there are then 32 different diamond-faced surfaces available for testing, labeled from 1a and 1b to 16a and 16b. These sleds should be treated as fragile objects (especially diamond surfaces) and handled with care; thus, they are stored in a pull box, or a similar protective container. Sample preparation If the test sample is a toilet paper towel, in the form of a perforated roll, then gently remove 8 sets of 2 sheets from the roll, touching only the corners (not the areas where the sled test will come into contact). If necessary, use scissors or another sample cutter. If the sample is in another form, cut 8 sets of samples approximately 20 centimeters (8 inches) in length in the machine direction, about 10 centimeters (4 inches) in cross direction , of a thickness of one usable unit each. Make a note and / or a mark that differentiates between the front sides of each sample (for example, fabric side or canvas side, top or bottom, etc.). When the preparation of the sample is complete, there are 8 sheets prepared with an appropriate marking which differentiates one side of the other. These will be referred to hereafter as sheets 1 to 8, each with an upper side and a lower side. Performing the test Press the "Return" button to ensure that the cross member 203 is in its initial position. Without touching the test area of the sample, place plate # 1 218 on the test platform 200 with the top face facing up, aligning the SM edges of the plates (c that is, the edge which is parallel to the SM) along the edge of the platform closest to the load cell (+/- 1 mm) 201. This first test (traction), out of a total of 32, will be in the direction of the machine direction on the upper side of the sheet 218. Place a brass ballast bar (2.5 centimeters in diameter, 9.53 centimeters long (1 inch in diameter, 3.75 inches 220) on the plate 218, near its center, aligned perpendicular to the pulling direction of the sled, to prevent the plate 218 from moving during the test. Place the test sled "la" on the head of the cap screw 214 (that is, the opening of the sled washer 212 on the head of the cap screw 214, and the face, the sled is directed downwardly) so that the surface of the diamond file 206 is laid flat and parallel on the surface of the plate 218 and the cap screw 214 touches the inner edge of the washer 208. Place gently a cylindrical brass weight of 20 grams (+/- 0.01 gram) 222 above the sled 204, with its edge aligned and centered with respect to the rear end of the sled. Initialize sled movement and data acquisition by pressing the "Test" button on the instrument. The test setup is shown in Figure 12. The computer collects strength data (grams) and, after approximately 10 seconds of test time, this first pull among the 32 test pulls of the overall test is completed.
[0038] If the test pull has been set up correctly, the face of the diamond file 206 (25 mm by 25 mm squared) remains in contact with the plate 218 during the 10 seconds of the test time (ie ie, do not overhang the edge of the plate or platform). In addition, if at any time during the test the plate 218 moves, the test is invalid, and must be performed again on another unaffected part of the plate 218, using a heavier weight to hold the plate in place . If the plate 218 tears or tears, the test must be retested on another unaffected part of the plate 218 (or create a new plate from the sample). If it pulls again, replace the sled 204 with a different sled (giving it the same sled name as the one it replaced).
[0039] These instructions apply to all 32 test drives. For the second of the 32 test drives (also a machine-side pull, but in the opposite direction on the plate), the 20 gram weight, the sled and the weight of the plate must first be removed. Press the "Return" button on the instrument to return the crosshead to its original position. Rotate the plate 180 degrees (with the upper face still up) and replace the weight on the plate (in the same position as previously described). Place the test sled "lb" on the head of the cap screw (ie, the hole of the sled washer on the head of the cap screw, and the face of the sled lb facing down) and the weight of 20 grams on the sled, as previously described. Press the "Test" button to collect the data for the second test pull. The third test pull will be in the direction of the cross direction. After removing the sled, weights, and having returned the crossbar to its position, rotate the plate 90 degrees from its previous position (with the face upwards still facing upwards), and position it so its SM edge is aligned with the edge of the platform (+/- 1 mm). Position the plate so that the sled does not touch the perforation, if any, or touch the area where the brass weight was placed during the previous test drives. Place the weight on the plate near its center, aligned perpendicular to the pulling direction of the sled. Place the test sled "2a" on the head of the cap screw 214 (that is, the opening of the sled washer 212 on the head of the cap screw 214, and the face of the sled 2a facing down) and the weight of 20 grams 222 on the sled 204, in the same manner described above. Press the "Test" button to collect data for the third test pull.
[0040] The fourth test pull will also be in the cross direction, but in the opposite direction and on the opposite half-section of the sheet 218. After removal of the sled, weights, and return the cross member to its position, rotate the plate 180 degrees from its previous position (with the face upwards still facing upwards), and position it so that its edge SM is aligned with the edge of the platform (+/- 1 mm) . Position the plate so that the sled does not touch the perforation, if any, or touch the area where the brass weight was placed during the previous test drives. Place the weight on the plate near its center, aligned perpendicular to the pulling direction of the sled. Place the test sled "2b" on the head of the cap screw (that is, the hole in the sled washer on the head of the cap screw and the face of the sled 2b facing bottom) and the weight of 20 grams on the sled, in the same manner described above. Press the "Test" button to collect the data for the fourth test pull. After the fourth test pull is complete, remove the sled, weight, and return the crosshead to the initial position. Plate # 1 is discarded.
[0041] Test tractions 5-8 are performed in the same manner as 1-4, except that plate # 2 has its bottom side now facing up, and sleds 3a, 3b, 4a and 4b are used.
[0042] Test pulls 9-12 are performed in the same manner as 1-4, except that plate # 3 has its upward side facing up, and sleds 5a, 5b, 6a and 6b are used. Test tractions 13-16 are performed in the same manner as 1-4, except that plate # 4 has its bottom side facing up, and sleds 7a, 7b, 8a and 8b are used. Test pulls 17-20 are performed in the same manner as 1-4, except that plate # 5 has its upward side facing up, and sleds 9a, 9b, 10a and 10b are used.
[0043] Test pulls 21-24 are performed in the same manner as 1-4, except that plate # 6 has its upside down side, and sleds 11a, 1b, 12a, and 12b are used. Test pulls 25-28 are performed in the same manner as 1-4, except that plate # 7 has its upward side facing up, and sleds 13a, 13b, 14a and 14b are used. Test pulls 29-32 are performed in the same manner as 1-4, except that plate # 8 has its bottom side facing up, and sleds 15a, 15b, 16a, and 16b are used. Calculations and Results The collected force data (grams) are used to calculate the adhesion-slip coefficient of friction for each of the 32 test tractions, and subsequently the overall average adhesion-slip coefficient of friction for the sample being tested. In order to calculate the coefficient of friction adhesion-slip for each test pull, the following calculations are made.
[0044] First, the standard deviation is calculated for the force data centered on the 131st data point (which is 2.5 seconds after the start of the test) +/- 26 data points (that is, the 53 data points that span the range from 2.0 to 3.0 seconds). This standard deviation calculation is repeated for each subsequent data point, and stopped after the 493th point (approximately 9.5 s). The numerical average of these 363 standard deviation values is then divided by the weight of the sled (31.7 g) and multiplied by 10,000 to generate the coefficient of friction slip * 10,000 for each test pull. This calculation is repeated for all 32 test drives. The numerical average of these 32 adhesion-slip coefficient of friction values * 10,000 is the indicated value of the coefficient of friction slip * 10,000 for the sample. For simplicity, it is simply referred to as slip-slip friction coefficient, or more simply adhesion-slip, without unit (dimensionless), and is indicated at plus or minus 1.0. Aberrant values and noise It is not unusual, with this method described, to observe that about one of the 32 test tractions has force data with a harmonic wave of vibrations superimposed on it. For whatever reason, the pulled sled periodically enters a relatively high frequency oscillating "shake" mode, which can be seen in the force versus time graph. It was found that the sine wave type noise had a frequency of about 10 s-1 and an amplitude in the force range of 0.03 to 0.05 Newton (3 to 5 grams force). This adds a systematic discrepancy to the actual slip-slip result for this test; thus, it is appropriate that this test pull be treated as an aberrant result, that the data be eliminated and replaced by a new test of the same scenario (for example, upper side in the cross direction) and same sled number (eg , 3a). To obtain an estimate of the overall measurement noise, "blank tests" were performed on the test instrument without any contact of the load cell (i.e., no sled). The average force obtained by these tests is zero gram, but the coefficient of friction slip-slip calculated was 66. Thus, it has been hypothesized that, for this instrument measuring system, this value represents this absolute lower limit for the coefficient of friction adhesion-slip. The dimensions and values described here should not be understood as strictly limited to the exact numerical values quoted. Instead, unless otherwise indicated, each such dimension means both the quoted value and the functionally equivalent range surrounding that value. For example, a dimension described as "40 mm" means "about 40 mm". The citation of any document is not an admission that it is a prior art in relation to any invention described or claimed here or that alone, or in any combination with any other reference (s) or references, it teaches, proposes or describes any such invention.
[0045] Furthermore, to the extent that any meaning or definition of a term in this document conflicts with any meaning or definition of the same term in any other document, the meaning or definition attributed to that term in this document document will have to prevail.
[0046] While particular embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various other variations and modifications may be made without departing from the scope of the invention. It is intended, therefore, to cover in the appended claims all such variations and modifications which belong to the scope of the present invention.

权利要求:
Claims (11)
[0001]
REVENDICATIONS1. A sanitary tissue product comprising a three-dimensional patterned fibrous structure layer having a surface comprising a three-dimensional pattern that includes a first series of line elements that are oriented at an angle of less than 20 ° to the cross-machine direction (of the machine ) of the fibrous structure layer with three-dimensional drawings.
[0002]
A sanitary tissue product according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one of the line elements of the first series of line elements has an amplitude of less than 4.83 millimeters (190 mils).
[0003]
A sanitary tissue product according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that at least one of the line elements of the first series of line elements has a frequency greater than 2.
[0004]
A sanitary tissue product according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one of the line elements of the first series of line elements has a wavelength of less than 50.8 millimeters (2 000 mils). 20
[0005]
A sanitary tissue product as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the line elements are parallel to one another. 25
[0006]
6. Toilet paper product according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the line elements are not parallel to each other.
[0007]
A sanitary tissue product as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the line elements are spaced from each other by 0.13 to 2.54 millimeters (5 to 100 mils).
[0008]
A sanitary tissue product according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a second series of line elements are positioned complementary to the first series of line elements, preferably in which the first series line items have a different value than a common intensive property from the second set of line items; more preferably wherein the common intensive property is selected from the group consisting of: density, grammage, elevation, opacity, crepe frequency and combinations thereof.
[0009]
A sanitary tissue product according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first series of line elements can be arranged in a three-dimensional pattern selected from the group consisting of: periodic patterns, aperiodic patterns, patterned patterns. straight line, curved line patterns, wavy line patterns, serpentine patterns (S-shaped), square line patterns, triangular line patterns, S-shaped wavy patterns, sinusoidal line patterns, and their blend (s) (s).
[0010]
A sanitary tissue product as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the three dimensional pattern fibrous structure layer comprises pulp fibers.
[0011]
A sanitary tissue product as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sanitary tissue product comprises an embossed fibrous structure layer.

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法律状态:
2015-11-24| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 2 |

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2016-11-17| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 3 |

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2018-09-28| ST| Notification of lapse|Effective date: 20180831 |

优先权:

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申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题

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US201361918409P| true| 2013-12-19|2013-12-19|

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US201361918398P| true| 2013-12-19|2013-12-19|

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US201361918404P| true| 2013-12-19|2013-12-19|

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US201461951805P| true| 2014-03-12|2014-03-12|

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